Abstract: A surface emitting laser device can further improve the light emission efficiency thereof to enlarge the degree of freedom of the device. The surface emitting laser device includes an active layer 103, a photonic crystal layer disposed to be adjacent to the active layer, an electrode 108 disposed on the photonic crystal layer, and a plurality of light emitting regions regulated by the electrode. The photonic crystal layer is configured to include a first photonic crystal region 104 disposed just under the electrode, and having a periodic refractive index structure for resonance of light within a plane, and a second photonic crystal region 105 disposed just under the light emitting region, and having a periodic refractive index structure for emitting light in a direction perpendicular to the plane.

Abstract: A structure includes a photonic crystal layer including a first member having a high refractive index in which a plurality of holes are periodically arranged, and a second member having a low refractive index. A third member is disposed on the first member. The third member has a refractive index higher than 1.0 and lower than the refractive index of the first member. The holes of the photonic crystal layer have a depth in the range of 20% to 80% of the thickness of the first member.

Abstract: To provide a structure having a photonic crystal that can display a reflection function using GR even when a refractive index difference between a photonic crystal layer and a cladding layer adjacent thereto is not sufficient and a surface-emitting laser using the structure. The structure includes a photonic crystal layer including a first member of a flat shape and plural pillars arrayed two-dimensionally periodically on the first member. The photonic crystal layer is formed of a first material having a first refractive index. A low refractive index layer formed of a second material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index is adjacent to the photonic crystal layer. A relative refractive index difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is not less than 0.04 and does not exceed 0.13. The height of the pillars with respect to the thickness of the photonic crystal layer is not less than 0.10t and does not exceed 0.07t.

Abstract: In a vertical cavity surface emitting laser including a cavity structure formed by arranging a first reflector (102), an active region (104) and a second reflector (107) on a substrate, the second reflector is formed to include a refractive index periodic structure having a first medium showing a first refractive index and a second medium showing a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index. The first medium and the second medium are arranged periodically in an in-plane direction of the substrate and an electrically conductive adjacent layer made of a material showing a refractive index lower than the first refractive index is arranged at a position adjacent to the second reflector between the active region and the second reflector.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes a cavity formed by a pair of reflectors on a substrate and an active region interposed in the cavity. In the vertical cavity surface emitting laser, at least one of the reflectors that form the cavity has a refractive index periodic structure produced by arranging a first medium and a second medium so as to make the refractive index change periodically in in-plane directions of the substrate and the cross sectional area of the first medium in the in-plane directions changes in the direction of the thickness of the first medium. The vertical cavity surface emitting laser has reflectors having a wide reflection band.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser device includes a first reflective mirror layer, a second reflective-mirror layer, and an active layer disposed therebetween, wherein at least one of the first reflective mirror layer and the second reflective mirror layer includes a periodic-refractive-index structure in which the refractive index periodically changes in the in-plane direction and a part of the periodic-refractive-index structure includes a plurality of parts that disorder the periodicity.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser device includes a first reflective mirror layer, a second reflective mirror layer, and an active layer disposed therebetween, wherein at least one of the first reflective mirror layer and the second reflective mirror layer includes a periodic-refractive-index structure in which the refractive index periodically changes in the in-plane direction and a part of the periodic-refractive-index structure includes a plurality of parts that disorder the periodicity.

Abstract: To provide a light-emitting device having a resonator capable of stably and efficiently taking out light. The device includes an active medium, a resonator for confining the light having a first wavelength emitted from the active medium within a three-dimensional space and a wavelength conversion medium for converting the wavelength of the light having the first wavelength into a second wavelength.