Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, trenches extending in a first direction and arranged at intervals in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a gate insulating film, and a gate electrode. The semiconductor substrate includes a source region, a body region, a drift region, bottom regions, electric field relaxation regions, and contact regions. There are overlapping ranges in which each of inter-trench semiconductor regions and each of the electric field relaxation regions overlap each other, the overlapping ranges include contact overlapping ranges in which the contact regions are disposed and non-contact overlapping ranges in which the contact regions are not disposed, and the contact overlapping ranges and the non-contact overlapping ranges are alternately arranged in the first direction.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object printing apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle surface; a robot that has a base portion that supports the head, and changes a position of the head with respect to the base portion; and a cap portion having a fixed position to the base portion to cover the nozzle surface, in which the three-dimensional object printing apparatus is configured to execute: a capping operation of causing the robot to locate the head at a position at which the nozzle surface is covered with the cap portion, and a printing operation of causing the head to eject the liquid to a work with respect to the work, and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the capping operation and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the printing operation are different from each other.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object printing apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle surface; and a robot that has a base portion and an arm portion that supports the head, and changes a position of the head with respect to the base portion, in which the three-dimensional object printing apparatus is configured to execute: a first printing operation of causing the head to print an image to a three-dimensional first medium, and a second printing operation of causing the head to print a test pattern while causing the robot to change a position of the head with respect to the second medium, and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the first printing operation and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the second printing operation are different from each other.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional object printing apparatus including a first robot supporting a head having a nozzle for discharging a liquid and changing a position and a posture of the head, a second robot supporting a three-dimensional workpiece and changing a position and a posture of the workpiece, a curing unit that emits energy to cure or solidify the liquid discharged from the head, and a maintenance unit that performs maintenance on the head. The first robot has a first base portion fixed to a base. The second robot has a second base portion fixed to the base. In a plan view of the base, a virtual line segment connecting the first base portion and the second base portion passes between the curing unit and the maintenance unit.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional object printing apparatus including an imaging device fixed to a base and imaging an object located inside an imaging range, a first robot supporting a head having a nozzle for discharging a liquid and changing a position and a posture of the head, and a second robot supporting a three-dimensional workpiece and changes a position and a posture of the workpiece. The three-dimensional object printing apparatus performs a material feeding step of causing the second robot to move the workpiece from an outside to an inside of the imaging range, and a printing step of causing the head to discharge the liquid to the workpiece while at least one of the first robot and the second robot relatively moves the head and the workpiece inside the imaging range.

Abstract: A display system displaying information on a robot arm when the robot arm having a joint is moving, includes a plurality of imaging apparatuses imaging markers provided on the robot arm, a plurality of projection apparatuses projecting the information on the robot arm, and a control apparatus controlling operation of the projection apparatuses to project the information to follow the moving robot arm based on images of the markers captured by the imaging apparatuses.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor includes: a semiconductor substrate having trenches; and a gate electrode disposed in the trenches. Breakdown voltage regions are provided in each inter-trench range. The breakdown voltage regions are arranged to form rows extending in a first direction intersecting the trenches. The rows are arranged at interval in a second direction parallel to the trenches. Each of the breakdown voltage regions extends from an upper side of a lower end of each of the trenches to a lower side of the lower end of each of the trenches, and is disposed at a distance from a gate insulating film. A drift region is in contact with the gate insulating film at a position between the breakdown voltage region and the gate insulating film.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object printing apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle surface; and a robot that has a base portion and an arm portion that supports the head, and changes a position of the head with respect to the base portion, in which the three-dimensional object printing apparatus is configured to execute: a first printing operation of causing the head to print an image to a three-dimensional first medium, and a second printing operation of causing the head to print a test pattern while causing the robot to change a position of the head with respect to the second medium, and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the first printing operation and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the second printing operation are different from each other.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object printing apparatus includes: a head having a nozzle surface; a robot that has a base portion that supports the head, and changes a position of the head with respect to the base portion; and a cap portion having a fixed position to the base portion to cover the nozzle surface, in which the three-dimensional object printing apparatus is configured to execute: a capping operation of causing the robot to locate the head at a position at which the nozzle surface is covered with the cap portion, and a printing operation of causing the head to eject the liquid to a work with respect to the work, and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the capping operation and a yaw angle of the head during the execution of the printing operation are different from each other.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional object printing apparatus including a first robot supporting a head having a nozzle for discharging a liquid and changing a position and a posture of the head, a second robot supporting a three-dimensional workpiece and changing a position and a posture of the workpiece, a curing unit that emits energy to cure or solidify the liquid discharged from the head, and a maintenance unit that performs maintenance on the head. The first robot has a first base portion fixed to a base. The second robot has a second base portion fixed to the base. In a plan view of the base, a virtual line segment connecting the first base portion and the second base portion passes between the curing unit and the maintenance unit.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional object printing apparatus including a first robot supporting a head having a nozzle for discharging a liquid and changing a position and a posture of the head, and a second robot supporting a three-dimensional workpiece and changing a position and a posture of the workpiece.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional object printing apparatus including an imaging device fixed to a base and imaging an object located inside an imaging range, a first robot supporting a head having a nozzle for discharging a liquid and changing a position and a posture of the head, and a second robot supporting a three-dimensional workpiece and changes a position and a posture of the workpiece. The three-dimensional object printing apparatus performs a material feeding step of causing the second robot to move the workpiece from an outside to an inside of the imaging range, and a printing step of causing the head to discharge the liquid to the workpiece while at least one of the first robot and the second robot relatively moves the head and the workpiece inside the imaging range.

Abstract: A diode manufacturing method provided herein includes first-third implantations and a heating. The first implantation implants n-type impurities into a first range at a first depth. The second implantation implants n-type impurities into a second range including the first range as a part at a second depth shallower than the first depth. The third implantation implants p-type impurities into a third range located on both sides of the second range at a third depth shallower than the first depth at a density higher than the second implantation. The semiconductor substrate is heated in the heating so that a first p-type region (contact region) is formed in the implanted region in the third implantation and a first n-type region (pillar region) is formed in a part of the implanted region in the first and second implantations.

Abstract: A diode manufacturing method provided herein includes first-third implantations and a heating. The first implantation implants n-type impurities into a first range at a first depth. The second implantation implants n-type impurities into a second range including the first range as a part at a second depth shallower than the first depth. The third implantation implants p-type impurities into a third range located on both sides of the second range at a third depth shallower than the first depth at a density higher than the second implantation. The semiconductor substrate is heated in the heating so that a first p-type region (contact region) is formed in the implanted region in the third implantation and a first n-type region (pillar region) is formed in a part of the implanted region in the first and second implantations.

Abstract: A voltage generator used to generate a voltage for driving a vehicle fuel injector includes a microcomputer, a coil, and a capacitor. The microcomputer calculates an interval at which the fuel injector is driven. When the interval is less than or equal to a predetermined time period, the microcomputer causes a first current to flow through the coil so that the capacitor is charged to a first level by counterelectromotive force produced in the coil. When the interval is greater than the time period, the microcomputer causes a second current less than the first current to flow through the coil so that the capacitor is charged to a second level less than the first level. The fuel injector is driven by the capacitor voltage.

Abstract: A voltage generator used to generate a voltage for driving a vehicle fuel injector includes a microcomputer, a coil, and a capacitor. The microcomputer calculates an interval at which the fuel injector is driven. When the interval is less than or equal to a predetermined time period, the microcomputer causes a first current to flow through the coil so that the capacitor is charged to a first level by counterelectromotive force produced in the coil. When the interval is greater than the time period, the microcomputer causes a second current less than the first current to flow through the coil so that the capacitor is charged to a second level less than the first level. The fuel injector is driven by the capacitor voltage.

Abstract: A microcomputer calculates a fuel injection time. When the fuel injection time is longer than a predetermined specified time, the microcomputer sets a voltage level of a short-term injection signal to high and sets a peak current for coils in fuel injectors to a first peak current. When the fuel injection time is shorter than or equal to the predetermined specified time, the microcomputer sets a voltage level of the short-term injection signal to low and sets a peak current for the coils to a second peak current smaller than the first peak current.

Abstract: A solenoid valve driver is provided which may be employed in automotive fuel injection system. The solenoid valve driver includes a capacitor which is to be discharged to energize a coil of a solenoid valve and a controller. The controller determines a discharge start time that is a time when the capacitor is to be started to be discharged to energize the coil of the solenoid valve. When the discharge start time is reached in a condition that a charged voltage of the capacitor is out of a target voltage level, the controller advances the discharge start time to eliminate a lag of operation of the solenoid valve.

Abstract: In a starter-relay control circuit, a high-side switching element is connected between a first output line connected to a high-side terminal and an ignition power line connected to the ignition switch. A low-side switching element is connected between a second output line connected to a low-side terminal and a ground line connected to a negative terminal of the battery. A pull-up element is connected between the ignition power line and the first output line. A pull-down element is connected between the ground line and the second output line. A failure detecting unit is connected to the first and second output lines and configured to determine whether a failure wherein the high-side terminal is short-circuited to the positive terminal of the battery occurs based on a voltage of the second output line when the ignition switch is in an off position.

Abstract: In a starter-relay control circuit, a high-side switching element is connected between a first output line connected to a high-side terminal and an ignition power line connected to the ignition switch. A low-side switching element is connected between a second output line connected to a low-side terminal and a ground line connected to a negative terminal of the battery. A pull-up element is connected between the ignition power line and the first output line. A pull-down element is connected between the ground line and the second output line. A failure detecting unit is connected to the first and second output lines and configured to determine whether a failure wherein the high-side terminal is short-circuited to the positive terminal of the battery occurs based on a voltage of the second output line when the ignition switch is in an off position.