Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element where the metal support includes a plate face, has a plate shape as a whole, and has a warping degree of 1.5×10?2 or less determined by calculating a least square value through the least squares method using at least three points in the plate face of the metal support, calculating a first difference between the least square value and a positive-side maximum displacement value on a positive side with respect to the least square value and a second difference between the least square value and a negative-side maximum displacement value on a negative side that is opposite to the positive side with respect to the least square value, and dividing the sum of the first difference and the second difference by a maximum length of the plate face of the metal support that passes through a center of gravity.

Abstract: Fine polymer particles made by a method include producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, wherein the solvents in the two phases resulting from the phase separation are substantially identical to each other, and contacting the emulsion with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A, wherein the particles have a glass transition point of 150° C. or more and 400° C. or less, an average particle diameter of 1 ?m or more to 100 ?m or less, and a particle diameter distribution index of the particles is 2 or less, wherein the polymer A is nonvinyl type polymer.

Abstract: A production method of polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles comprising: (Process a1) a process to precipitate the polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles by adding a 100 mass % solution in total consisting of 75 to 99 mass % organic solvent, 1 to 25 mass % water and 0.5 to 15 mass % polyvinylidene fluoride resin to a poor solvent of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin; or (Process a2) a process to precipitate polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles by performing a flash-crystallization of the solution. With such a configuration, PVDF resin particles can be industrially produced by simple operations without using surfactant agent.

Abstract: In a system where phase separation into two phases occurs when an ether cellulose derivative (A), a polymer (B) different from the ether cellulose derivative (A), and an alcohol solvent (C) are mixed together, the two phases including a solution phase mainly containing the ether cellulose derivative (A) and a solution phase mainly containing the polymer (B), the two separated phases containing approximately the same solvent, an emulsion is formed and brought into contact with a poor solvent (D) to provide an ether cellulose derivative microparticle having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ?m, a linseed oil absorption of 50 to 1,000 mL/100 g, and an average surface pore size of 0.05 to 5 ?m.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced composite material having high interlaminar toughness and compressive strength under wet heat conditions, as well as an epoxy resin composition for production thereof and a prepreg producible from the epoxy resin composition is described. The prepreg includes at least constituents [A], [B], and [C] as specified below and reinforcement fiber, wherein 90% or more of constituent [C] exists in the depth range accounting for 20% of the prepreg thickness from the prepreg surface: [A] epoxy resin; [B] epoxy resin curing agent; and [C] polymer particles insoluble in epoxy resin.

Abstract: A method of producing polymer particles includes, in a system in which a polymer A and a polymer B are dissolved in and mixed with an organic solvent to undergo phase separation into two phases which are a solution phase containing the polymer A as a major component and a solution phase containing the polymer B as a major component, continuously adding an emulsion including the polymer A, the polymer B and the organic solvent, and a poor solvent for the polymer A to a vessel continuously to allow the polymer A to precipitate; and separating polymer A particles from the vessel continuously.

Abstract: Provided are: fine vinylidene fluoride resin particles which are solid and have an average particle diameter of 0.3 ?m or more but less than 100 ?m, a particle diameter distribution index of 1-2, a repose angle of less than 40°, and an average sphericity of 80 or more said fine vinylidene fluoride particles being suitable for coating materials and coating applications; and a method for producing the fine vinylidene fluoride resin particles.

Abstract: A method of producing polymer particles includes, in a system in which a polymer A and a polymer B are dissolved in and mixed with an organic solvent to undergo phase separation into two phases which are a solution phase containing the polymer A as a major component and a solution phase containing the polymer B as a major component, continuously adding an emulsion including the polymer A, the polymer B and the organic solvent, and a poor solvent for the polymer A to a vessel continuously to allow the polymer A to precipitate; and separating polymer A particles from the vessel continuously.

Abstract: A production method of polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles comprising: (Process a1) a process to precipitate the polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles by adding a 100 mass % solution in total consisting of 75 to 99 mass % organic solvent, 1 to 25 mass % water and 0.5 to 15 mass % polyvinylidene fluoride resin to a poor solvent of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin; or (Process a2) a process to precipitate polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles by performing a flash-crystallization of the solution. With such a configuration, PVDF resin particles can be industrially produced by simple operations without using surfactant agent.

Abstract: Fine polymer particles made by a method include producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, wherein the solvents in the two phases resulting from the phase separation are substantially identical to each other, and contacting the emulsion with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A, wherein the particles have a glass transition point of 150° C. or more and 400° C. or less, an average particle diameter of 1 ?m or more to 100 ?m or less, and a particle diameter distribution index of the particles is 2 or less, wherein the polymer A is nonvinyl type polymer.

Abstract: A fine polymer particle production method includes producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, and bringing it into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A. This method serves for easy synthesis of fine polymer particles with a narrow particle size distribution and the method can be effectively applied to production of highly heat-resistant polymers that have been difficult to produce with the conventional methods.

Abstract: Provided are: fine vinylidene fluoride resin particles which are solid and have an average particle diameter of 0.3 ?m or more but less than 100 ?m, a particle diameter distribution index of 1-2, a repose angle of less than 40°, and an average sphericity of 80 or more said fine vinylidene fluoride particles being suitable for coating materials and coating applications; and a method for producing the fine vinylidene fluoride resin particles.

Abstract: A process of producing polymer microparticles wherein, in a system which includes a polymer (A), a polymer (B) and an organic solvent and can cause phase separation into two phases of a solution phase mainly composed of the polymer (A) and a solution phase mainly composed of the polymer (B) when the polymer (A), the polymer (B) and the organic solvent are dissolved and mixed together, after an emulsion is formed at a temperature of 100° C. or higher, the polymer (A) is precipitated by bringing a poor solvent for the polymer (A) into contact with the emulsion.

Abstract: The invention provides a fiber reinforced composite material having high interlaminar toughness and compressive strength under wet heat conditions, as well as an epoxy resin composition for production thereof and a prepreg producible from the epoxy resin composition. The prepreg comprises at least constituents [A], [B], and [C] as specified below and reinforcement fiber, wherein 90% or more of constituent [C] exists in the depth range accounting for 20% of the prepreg thickness from the prepreg surface: [A] epoxy resin [B] epoxy resin curing agent [C] polymer particles insoluble in epoxy resin and falling under any of the following [Cx] to [Cz]: [Cx] polymer particles insoluble in epoxy resin and giving a particle diameter distribution chart meeting the following requirements from (x-i) to (x-iii): (x-i) the chart has at least two peaks, (x-ii) the particles giving the two highest peaks have a diameter ratio in the range of 1.

Abstract: A fine polymer particle production method includes producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, and bringing it into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A. This method serves for easy synthesis of fine polymer particles with a narrow particle size distribution and the method can be effectively applied to production of highly heat-resistant polymers that have been difficult to produce with the conventional methods.

Abstract: A fine polymer particle production method includes producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, and bringing it into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A. This method serves for easy synthesis of fine polymer particles with a narrow particle size distribution and the method can be effectively applied to production of highly heat-resistant polymers that have been difficult to produce with the conventional methods.

Abstract: Provided are: a fiber-reinforced composite material which has mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, mode II interlaminar fracture toughness and compressive strength under heat and humidity conditions at the same time; an epoxy resin composition for obtaining the fiber-reinforced composite material; and a prepreg which is obtained using the epoxy resin composition. An epoxy resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite materials, which contains at least the following constituent elements (A), (B), (C) and (D). (A) An epoxy resin (B) Resin particles that satisfy the following conditions (b1)-(b3) and are insoluble in an epoxy resin (b1) The particle size distribution index is 1.0-1.8. (b2) The particle sphericity is 90 or more. (b3) The glass transition temperature of the particles is 80-180° C. (C) At least one elastomer component that is selected from among block copolymers containing a block having a glass transition temperature of 20° C.

Abstract: A process of producing polymer microparticles wherein, in a system which includes a polymer (A), a polymer (B) and an organic solvent and can cause phase separation into two phases of a solution phase mainly composed of the polymer (A) and a solution phase mainly composed of the polymer (B) when the polymer (A), the polymer (B) and the organic solvent are dissolved and mixed together, after an emulsion is formed at a temperature of 100° C. or higher, the polymer (A) is precipitated by bringing a poor solvent for the polymer (A) into contact with the emulsion.

Abstract: A fine polymer particle production method includes producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, and bringing it into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A. This method serves for easy synthesis of fine polymer particles with a narrow particle size distribution and the method can be effectively applied to production of highly heat-resistant polymers that have been difficult to produce with the conventional methods.