Abstract: It is possible to realize an easy access control not requiring complicated setting of user access authority in each Web server or not requiring user authentication each time each Web server is accessed. A dedicated DNS server (52) for managing a domain name is arranged in a dedicated network (50). When a gateway (40) is an authenticated terminal according to the authentication by an authentication server (53) in the dedicated network (50), the IP address of the dedicated server (52) is set as the DNS server address. When the gateway (40) is an authentication-disabled terminal, the IP address of the DNS server (32) is set as the DNS server address. Thus, the DNS solution of the authenticated terminal (12) is performed by the dedicated DNS server (52).

Abstract: A communication system for allowing communications as of Internet and the like to be universally used without restricting a second user to use communication and further without requiring any significant capital investment. According to this communication system, when a terminal (104) becomes able to communicate with a network usage terminal (101) and is about to use the Internet via the network usage terminal (101), it transmits the authentication information of its user (B), and the network usage terminal (101) then transmits the authentication information of its owner (A) and the received authentication information of the user (B) to an authentication server (105). If a result of authentication is OK, the network usage terminal (101) relays the communication of the terminal (104) to the Internet (103), thereby permitting the terminal (104) to use the Internet.

Abstract: In a control system of a variable displacement compressor, a pressure sensing means mechanically detects at least one pressure in the refrigerant circuit. A varying means varies a reference value for positioning a valve body. A pressure detector electrically detects the pressure detected by the pressure sensing means in the refrigerant circuit and/or physical quantity which correlates with the detected pressure. A calculator calculates a maximum value of urging force applied to the valve body by the varying means toward an increasing side of the displacement of the compressor. The urging force applied to the valve body is controlled not to exceed the maximum value toward the increasing side of the displacement. The displacement of the compressor is maximized by the pressure sensing means under the pressure for calculating the maximum value when the varying means applies urging force of the maximum value to the valve body.

Abstract: A control valve for a clutch type variable displacement compressor includes a liquid-discharge passage for connecting a second port in communication with a control-pressure chamber of the compressor to a third port in communication with the suction-pressure region of the compressor. Opening and closing the liquid-discharge passage are controlled by movement of a pressure-sensing member of a pressure-sensing mechanism. The pressure-sensing member is placed such that the liquid-discharge passage is opened while pressure equalization inside the compressor at a stop of the compressor is maintained in starting the compressor from its stop state. The pressure-sensing member is moved in a direction which causes the liquid-discharge passage to be closed when a pressure in the suction-pressure region is lowered and reaches a predetermined pressure as the compressor is started.

Abstract: A displacing device is incorporated in a displacement control valve. The displacing device includes a first pressure chamber, a second pressure chamber, a second bellows, a transmission rod, and an urging spring. The second pressure chamber communicates with a suction chamber. The interior of the second pressure chamber is a suction pressure zone. When the pressure in the suction pressure zone is less than or equal to a predetermined reference pressure, the transmission rod moves an actuation rod (valve body) to open a valve hole. Therefore, a variable displacement compressor is prevented from operating with a large displacement when there is insufficient amount of refrigerant or when the speed of the compressor is high.

Abstract: A displacement control valve (32) is connected to a variable displacement compressor. An open passage (53) in which a refrigerant gas flows is formed within a rod (31) and a valve body (30) of the displacement control valve (32). Further, an inner circumferential surface of a valve chamber (36) is formed as a guide portion (40) for moving the valve body (30) along an axis (L1) of the valve chamber (36). A valve portion (30a) of the valve body (30) is formed in a circular arc cross sectional shape along a surface of a sphere (K) in which an intermediate point (N) of a length of the guide portion (40) along the axis (L1) of the valve chamber (36) is set to a center on the axis (L1), and a distance from,the intermediate point (N) to a contact point between a valve seat (36a) and the valve portion (30a) is set to a radius (r).

Abstract: A displacement control valve includes a reciprocation body which has a valve body. The reciprocation body includes a first shaft portion that has the valve body and a second shaft portion that is coaxial with the first shaft portion and inserted in a valve hole. The first shaft portion is located adjacent to a solenoid. The second shaft portion is connected to a pressure sensing mechanism. The second shaft portion and the valve hole define a flow path in which refrigerant freely flows. A throttle portion is formed between the first and second shaft portions and coaxial with the first and second shaft portions. Diameter of an end of the throttle portion adjacent to the second shaft portion is set larger than that of the second shaft portion adjacent to the throttle. Flow rate of the refrigerant in the flow path is suppressed by the throttle portion.

Abstract: A displacement control valve for a variable displacement compressor includes a valve hole partially forming a supply passage or a bleed passage of the compressor and a valve body having a cross-sectional area changed portion that is movable into and out of the valve hole. The cross-sectional area changed portion has a minimum cross-sectional area portion and a maximum cross-sectional area portion. The cross-sectional area changed portion is shaped so that the cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional area changed portion increases from the minimum cross-sectional area portion to the maximum cross-sectional area portion. The minimum cross-sectional area portion initially enters into the valve hole when the cross-sectional area changed portion is moved into the valve hole. The maximum cross-sectional area portion is movable into the valve hole. The valve hole is closed when the maximum cross-sectional area portion is positioned in the valve hole.

Abstract: A displacement control valve for a variable displacement compressor includes a first valve hole forming a part of a supply passage and a second valve hole forming a part of a discharge passage. Displacement of a reciprocating body is transmitted to each of first and second valve bodies so that each valve body opens or closes the corresponding valve hole. When the reciprocating body is within a predetermined displacement range, a double closing state occurs, in which the first valve body closes the first valve hole and the second valve hole closes the second valve hole. When the reciprocating body is out of the displacement range, a single closing state occurs. Therefore, the control valve prevents the first valve hole from opening concurrently with the second valve hole.

Abstract: A safety controller provides a safety output to a target controlled system such as a magnet contactor based on an input from an input device such as a safety door switch to thereby control operation of machine equipment. Safety output parts serve to transmit a solid-state output as the safety output and a connection output part transmits a connection output to another safety controller. A control part having two CPUs controls the safety output and the connection output according to a program based on the input from the input device. Two or more of such safety controllers are connected through their connecting output parts and the connecting input parts to together form a safety system.

Abstract: A by-pass device in a variable displacement compressor has a by-pass passage, a valve body and a deformable separator. The by-pass passage interconnects a discharge pressure region with a crank chamber for releasing refrigerant from the discharge pressure region to the crank chamber. The valve body is arranged in the by-pass passage for opening and closing the by-pass passage. The deformable separator separates a back pressure region from the by-pass passage without sliding. The valve body is urged from a side of an opened position where the valve body is spaced from a valve seat toward a side of a closed position where the valve body contacts with the valve seat by pressure applied from the back pressure region to the separator. The valve body is moved from the closed position to the opened position by deforming the deformable separator.

Abstract: A deformation member is located between a supporting member and a bearing. A deformation detection device detects the amount of deformation of the deformation member at at least two positions that are spaced from each other in a circumferential direction. Based on the deformation amount, a computer computes unbalanced load that is applied to the supporting member by the tension of a belt. The computer computes tension of an advancing section and tension of a trailing section of the belt in the moving direction of the belt with respect to a section of the belt engaged with a rotor. Therefore, the strength of the supporting member is maintained while improving the detection accuracy.

Abstract: A control valve includes a separation portion, which is part of a rod, blocks a through hole that connects a valve chamber and a second chamber with each other. Therefore, the pressure of the second chamber is not directly affected by changes in the opening degree of the control valve. The second chamber and a valve hole forming a part of the through hole are both connected to a second pressure zone through an upstream section of a supply passage. This prevents creation of pressure difference between the valve hole and the second chamber, and thus prevents entry of foreign particles in sliding portions between the through hole and the rod.

Abstract: A communication control method accomplishes minimum bandwidth guarantee and maximum bandwidth restriction and further allocates an extra-bandwidth in accordance with user's contact bandwidth. Fixed-length packets are once stored in corresponding partitions of a buffer in accordance with connection information contained in the packets and then transmits the packets from the storage sections in succession. Retrieval of a connection where the number of transmitted packets does not reach a lower-limit throughput and a packet to be transmitted exists in the corresponding partition is made with first priority, and retrieval is further made in order for a connection where the number of transmitted packets does not reach an intermediate throughput and a connection where the number of transmitted packets does not reach an upper-limit throughput. If the retrieval shows a hit connection, the packets are transmitted from the corresponding partition and one-time retrieval comes to an end.

Abstract: In a control system of a variable displacement compressor, a pressure sensing means mechanically detects at least one pressure in the refrigerant circuit. A varying means varies a reference value for positioning a valve body. A pressure detector electrically detects the pressure detected by the pressure sensing means in the refrigerant circuit and/or physical quantity which correlates with the detected pressure. A calculator calculates a maximum value of urging force applied to the valve body by the varying means toward an increasing side of the displacement of the compressor. The urging force applied to the valve body is controlled not to exceed the maximum value toward the increasing side of the displacement. The displacement of the compressor is maximized by the pressure sensing means under the pressure for calculating the maximum value when the varying means applies urging force of the maximum value to the valve body.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor optionally varies displacement based upon pressure in a crank chamber for adjusting the pressure in the crank chamber by varying an opening degree of a passage that interconnects the crank chamber and one of relatively high and low pressure regions of the refrigeration cycle. A control valve of the variable displacement compressor has a valve seat and a valve. The valve seat has a seat surface for adjusting the opening degree of the passage. The valve has a valve surface for adjusting the opening degree of the passage. At least one of the seat surface and the valve surface is made of a material with relatively high hardness.

Abstract: A welded steel pipe is formed by heating or soaking an untreated welded steel pipe having a steel composition containing, on the basis of mass percent: about 0.03% to about 0.2% C, about 2.0% or less of Si, not less than about 1.0% to about 1.5% Mn, about 0.1% or less of P, about 0.01% or less of S, about 1.0% or less of Cr, about 0.1% or less of Al, about 0.1% or less of Nb, about 0.1% or less of Ti, about 0.1% or less of V, and about 0.01% or less of N; and by reduction-rolling the treated steel pipe at a cumulative reduction rate of at least about 35% and a final rolling temperature of about 500° C. to about 900° C. The welded steel pipe exhibits excellent hydroformability, i.e., has a tensile strength of at least about 590 MPa and an n×r product of at least about 0.22. The treated steel pipe is preferably reduction-rolled at a cumulative reduction rate of at least about 20% below the Ar3 transformation point.

Abstract: A control valve has a valve body for opening and closing a valve hole and a solenoid mechanism for urging the valve body by energizing a solenoid. The solenoid mechanism includes a yoke, a plunger housing, a fixed core and a plunger. The yoke accommodates the solenoid and forms a magnetic path. The plunger housing made of stainless steel connects with the yoke, and has a central axis. The fixed core connects with the yoke. The plunger is accommodated in the plunger housing and connects with the valve body. The plunger is attracted to the fixed core to move in the direction of the central axis by applying electromagnetic force from the solenoid. Black oxide treatment is performed to the yoke after the plunger housing is brazed to the yoke.

Abstract: A first bleed passage and a second bleed passage each connect a crank chamber of a compressor with a suction chamber of the compressor. A first supply passage and a second supply passage each connect the crank chamber with a discharge chamber of the compressor. A first control valve adjusts the opening size of the first supply passage in response to the pressure in the suction chamber. A second control valve includes a ball valve and an electromagnetic actuator. The ball valve adjusts the opening size of the second supply passage and the opening size of the first bleed passage. The electromagnetic actuator moves the ball valve. The ball valve is moved to a first position and to a second position. At the first position, the ball valve closes the second supply passage and opens the first bleed passage. At the second position, the ball valve opens the second supply passage and closes the first bleed passage.

Abstract: A welded steel pipe is formed by heating or soaking an untreated welded steel pipe having a steel composition containing, on the basis of mass percent: about 0.05% to about 0.2% C; about 0.2% or less of Si; about 1.5% or less of Mn; about 0.1% or less of P; about 0.01% or less of S; about 0.1% or less of Al; and about 0.01% or less of N; and by reduction-rolling the treated steel pipe at a cumulative reduction rate of at least about 35% and a final rolling temperature of about 500° C. to about 900° C. The welded steel pipe exhibits excellent hydroformability, i.e., has a tensile strength of at least about 400 MPa and an n×r product of at least about 0.22. The treated steel pipe is preferably reduction-rolled at a cumulative reduction rate of at least about 20% below the Ar3 transformation point. The welded steel pipe is suitable for forming structural components.