Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus comprises: a photosensitive member; an electrostatic image forming unit, for forming an electrostatic image on the photosensitive member, including electrification means for electrifying the photosensitive member and an exposure unit for exposing the photosensitive member; a detector, for detecting a surface potential on the photosensitive member; a determination unit, for employing the detection results obtained by the detector to determine an electrification amount for the electrification unit and an exposure control value for the exposure unit, for determining the electrification amount for the electrification unit, so that a dark portion potential on the photosensitive member is substantially a target dark portion potential selected from multiple target dark portion potentials, for determining a first exposure control value for the exposure unit, so that a light portion potential, which is based on the determined electrification amount and which is formed on the photosensi

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, an image forming unit for forming an image on the image bearing member and a detector for detecting the surface potential of the image bearing member, wherein a first image forming mode and a second image forming mode in which the image forming conditions of the image forming unit are different from each other can be selected, and further, the apparatus includes a controller for controlling the image forming conditions in the first and second image forming modes on the basis of the result detected by the detector for the first image forming mode.

Abstract: A compulsory drive unit (1) for electrical equipment provided in a vehicle is capable of easily and compulsorily driving the electrical equipment (11) in the vehicle to check the operation thereof. The compulsory drive unit (1) brings a power supply unit (30) into contact with a bus bar (21) through a conduction hole (2c) of a junction block (2) to thereby supply the electrical equipment with power from an outside battery (+B) and compulsorily drive the electrical equipment. It is therefore possible to easily check the operation of the electrical equipment, and this significantly improves the operating efficiency.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes of an image bearing member, an image forming unit for forming a toner image onto the image bearing member, a transfer charging unit for transferring the toner image from the image bearing member to a transfer material at a transfer position, a guide member for guiding the transfer material to the transfer position, a sensor for detecting an ambient environment of the image forming apparatus, and a switch for switching whether the guide member is connected to a constant voltage element or is connected to the ground in accordance with a detection result of the sensor.

Abstract: A polypeptide characterized by amino acid Nos. 1-789 of the amino acid sequence defined by SEQ ID NO:1 of the sequence listing or a polypeptide having the said amino acid sequence incorporated by insertion, deletion, or substitution of one or more amino acid residues. The peptides have catalytic activities of converting copalyl pyrophosphate to ent-kaurene and are useful for the regulation of plant growth. Also provided are DNAs encoding the polypeptides.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a plurality of decks for accommodating sheets, a feeder for feeding sheets from said decks, an image forming unit for forming an image on a sheet fed by said feeder, a detector for detecting thicknesses or colors of the sheets accommodated in said decks, an input unit for designating a desired thickness or color of the sheet, and a control unit for controlling said feed means to feed the sheet of the desired thickness or color from said decks.

Abstract: A detector for detecting status quantities in processes of an image forming apparatus and a correction mechanism for changing parameters are connected to a controller. By virtue of this arrangement, the amount of current associated with a primary charging device in a latent-image process, the surface potential of a photoreceptor drum and a voltage correction coefficient are fed into the controller as status quantities. By using the entered status quantities as well as membership functions and fuzzy rules that have been stored in an internal memory of the controller, the controller executes fuzzy reasoning and outputs a signal indicating the failure rate or rate of erroneous setting of each processing element.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a plurality of decks for accommodating sheets, a feeder for feeding sheets from said decks, an image forming unit for forming an image on a sheet fed by said feeder, a detector for detecting thicknesses or colors of the sheets accommodated in said decks, an input unit for designating a desired thickness or color of the sheet, and a control unit for controlling said feed means to feed the sheet of the desired thickness or color from said decks.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a potential measurement device for measuring the surface potential of the electrostatic latent image and a reflective density measurement device for measuring the density of a visible image developed from the latent image are made movable, in mutually synchronized manner, along the axial direction of the rotating photosensitive member. In this manner the image forming ability can be measured over the entire surface of the photosensitive member, and the process conditions can be suitably regulated according to the results of measurements.