Abstract: An evacuation system having a long service life, a compact configuration and high reliability is disclosed. The system enables the process gases to be reused, so that the overall costs of capital investment and operation are reduced. The system comprises a processing chamber, and a vacuum pump communicating with the processing chamber by way of an evacuation conduit for evacuating the processing chamber. The evacuation conduit are provided with not less than two trapping devices arranged in series and operating at different temperatures for capturing different components contained in an exhaust gas discharged from the processing chamber.

Abstract: A trapping device is presented to improve production efficiency of vacuum processing devices. The trapping device comprises an exhaust path for evacuating process gas from a hermetic chamber through a vacuum pump; a regeneration path disposed adjacent to the exhaust path and comprising a regeneration means; not less than two trap sections communicable either with the exhaust path or with the regeneration path; and switching means for transposing the trap sections either to the exhaust path or to the regeneration path. A trapping operation and a regeneration operation can be performed concurrently respectively in the exhaust path and the regeneration path.

Abstract: A crank angle detecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine. A crank rotor rotates integrally with the engine crankshaft, and the crank rotor is marked with a pattern of indicia. Certain indicia demarcate a number of equal segments into which the crankshaft rotor is divided. Other indicia uniquely identify each segment. In one embodiment, no two adjacent segments have the same pattern of segment-identifying indicia. In another embodiment, no three adjacent segments have the same pattern of segment-identifying indicia. A detector senses the indicia as the indicia pass by the detector. A cam rotor rotates integrally with the engine cam shaft. The cam rotor is also marked with indicia, and a detector is positioned to detect the cam rotor indicia as they pass by. Based on signals from the detector, an ECU can determine the position of the crankshaft with respect to the engine cycle.

Abstract: A crank angle detecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft operationally coupled to pistons. A crank rotor provided on the crankshaft has a plurality of angular segments, each angular segment includes a group of teeth of different lengths as measured in the circumferential direction of the crankshaft, the group of teeth in each angular segment having a distinct combination. A magnetic sensor faces the teeth for detecting passage of the teeth when the crank rotor rotates. An ECU (electric control unit) receives signals from the magnetic sensor and generates a crank angle signal, wherein the crank angle signal changes in accordance with the combination of the teeth. A camshaft includes a first one hundred eighty degree segment and a second one hundred eighty degree segment.

Abstract: A process for producing monoclonal antibodies specific to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), comprising immunizing a mammal with a first CEA to produce cells capable of producing antibodies, collecting the cells from the mammal, fusing the collected cells with the cells of a line of myeloma of another mammal, selecting the thus-obtained hybridoma cells on the basis of their capacity to produce antibodies reactive with said first CEA, subjecting the thus-selected hybridoma cells to cloning, selecting the thus-obtained monoclones on the basis of the reactivities of monoclonal antibodies produced by them with at least one antigen selected from CEAs other than said first CEA and CEA-related antigens of normal adult human origin, culturing the thus-obtained monoclones and recovering the desired monoclonal antibodies from the spent culture. The selection may preferably be effected by radioimmunoassay using a marker antigen labelled with a radioactive substance.

Abstract: An improved suction nozzle for removing raised edge portions of coated layer formed on flexible substrates such as photographic film, pre-sensitized plate, or magnetic tape. The suction nozzle has a dual pipe structure with a cleaning liquid jetting outlet and a cleaning liquid sucking inlet at one end thereof. The jetting outlet is offset from a longitudinal axis of the nozzle and forms an angle of 30.degree. to 85.degree. with respect to that longitudinal axis. The sucking inlet is located along the longitudinal axis.