Abstract: A graphite spheroidizing agent containing: 30-80 wt % of Si; Mg; RE (rare earth element) which comprises Ce with a purity level of 80-100 wt % or La with a purity level of 80-100 wt %; Ca; and Al is used. The graphite spheroidizing agent is added so as to satisfy the conditions that an amount of RE equivalent to 0.001-0.009 wt % of the total weight of the molten metal, an amount of Ca equivalent to 0.001-0.02 wt % of the total weight of the molten metal, and an amount of Al equivalent to 0.001-0.02 wt % of the total weight of the molten metal are added to the molten metal, and that the molten metal contains 0.03-0.07 wt % of Mg after the graphite spheroidizing treatment. It is possible to suppress crystallization of chunky graphite in a thick section of spheroidal graphite cast iron and deterioration of mechanical properties, with a low cost.

Abstract: A highly stiff and highly damping cast iron containing C and Si in an amount of 3.30 to 3.95% in terms of carbon equivalent shown in the following equation (1), Mn: 0.25 to 1.0%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Al: 3 to 7%, and Sn: 0.03 to 0.20%, balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities: Carbon equivalent (%)=C(%)+(1/3)×Si(%)??(1).

Abstract: To disclose a magnetic encoder being subjected to only small gap variation between a magnetic sensor element and a magnetic medium and readily assembled, and having a smaller number of components, high sliding resistance, and high stability against outside force, such as shock or the like. The magnetic sensor holding mechanism has a swirling spring plate structure having elasticity with respect to rotation around a rotation axis in a reciprocative slide relative movement direction, elasticity with respect to rotation around a rotation axis in a direction perpendicular to the reciprocative relative movement direction and in parallel to the magnetic medium, and elasticity in the direction perpendicular to the sensor element. A load between 50 mN and 80 mN is applied to press onto the magnetic medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a small-sized two-axis magnetic field sensor having a function to cause a magnetic field canceling an external offset magnetic field. The two-axis magnetic field sensor contains a plane coil disposed on a plane and four sets of magneto-resistance element pairs on a plane parallel to the plane coil. The plane coil includes at least two pairs of parallel conductors, and two magneto-resistance elements cross only a single conductor of the coil. A current for canceling the external offset magnetic field is determined in advance, and while a DC current that causes total magnetic fields of biasing magnetic fields plus a magnetic field for canceling the external offset magnetic field flows through the coil, intermediate potential outputs from the magneto-resistance element pairs are detected to measure a magnetic field direction, such as geo-magnetism.

Abstract: To disclose a magnetic encoder being subjected to only small gap variation between a magnetic sensor element and a magnetic medium and readily assembled, and having a smaller number of components, high sliding resistance, and high stability against outside force, such as shock or the like. The magnetic sensor holding mechanism has a swirling spring plate structure having elasticity with respect to rotation around a rotation axis in a reciprocative slide relative movement direction, elasticity with respect to rotation around a rotation axis in a direction perpendicular to the reciprocative relative movement direction and in parallel to the magnetic medium, and elasticity in the direction perpendicular to the sensor element. A load between 50 mN and 80 mN is applied to press onto the magnetic medium.

Abstract: A highly stiff and highly damping cast iron containing C and Si in an amount of 3.30 to 3.95% in terms of carbon equivalent shown in the following equation (1), Mn: 0.25 to 1.0%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Al: 3 to 7%, and Sn: 0.03 to 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a small-sized two-axis magnetic field sensor having a function to cause a magnetic field canceling an external offset magnetic field. The two-axis magnetic field sensor contains a plane coil disposed on a plane and four sets of magneto-resistance element pairs on a plane parallel to the plane coil. The plane coil includes at least two pairs of parallel conductors, and two magneto-resistance elements cross only a single conductor of the coil. A current for canceling the external offset magnetic field is determined in advance, and while a DC current that causes total magnetic fields of biasing magnetic fields plus a magnetic field for canceling the external offset magnetic field flows through the coil, intermediate potential outputs from the magneto-resistance element pairs are detected to measure a magnetic field direction, such as geo-magnetism.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder having a magnetic sensor composed of SVGMR elements, in which a signal output with a half of a cycle of magnetic regions on a magnetic medium. The magnetic encoder comprises the magnetic medium, on which first magnetic regions and second magnetic regions are oppositely magnetized along the medium extending and disposed successively and alternately with each other, and the magnetic sensor that has an even number of SVGMR elements and is movable relatively to the medium along the medium extending. Magnetizations of pinned magnetization layers of all the SVGMR elements are directed in a same direction along the medium extending.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder having a magnetic sensor composed of SVGMR elements, in which a signal output with a cycle equal to or less than a third of a cycle of magnetic patterns on a magnetic medium. The magnetic encoder comprises the magnetic medium, on which first magnetic regions and second magnetic regions are oppositely magnetized along the medium extending and disposed successively and alternately with each other, and the sensor that has three SVGMR elements or more and is movable relatively to the medium along the medium extending. Magnetizations of pinned magnetization layers of all the SVGMR elements are directed in the same direction along the medium extending.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder having a magnetic sensor composed of SVGMR elements, in which a signal output with a cycle equal to or less than a third of a cycle of magnetic patterns on a magnetic medium. The magnetic encoder comprises the magnetic medium, on which first magnetic regions and second magnetic regions are oppositely magnetized along the medium extending and disposed successively and alternately with each other, and the sensor that has three SVGMR elements or more and is movable relatively to the medium along the medium extending. Magnetizations of pinned magnetization layers of all the SVGMR elements are directed in the same direction along the medium extending.

Abstract: A magnetic encoder having a magnetic sensor composed of SVGMR elements, in which a signal output with a half of a cycle of magnetic regions on a magnetic medium. The magnetic encoder comprises the magnetic medium, on which first magnetic regions and second magnetic regions are oppositely magnetized along the medium extending and disposed successively and alternately with each other, and the magnetic sensor that has an even number of SVGMR elements and is movable relatively to the medium along the medium extending. Magnetizations of pinned magnetization layers of all the SVGMR elements are directed in a same direction along the medium extending.