Abstract: A fault monitoring method is executed by a monitoring device in a fault monitoring system that includes a terminal used by a user, an appliance to be operated by the user, the monitoring device, and a plurality of authentication servers each including a distributed ledger, and includes: obtaining event information stored in the plurality of authentication servers and indicating an event generated in response to a request that includes a processing instruction for the user operating the appliance; obtaining state information indicating whether the appliance is faulty, from the appliance; generating first transaction data including the state information obtained and transmitting the first transaction data to the plurality of authentication servers; and transmitting the processing instruction included in the event information to the appliance, when the appliance is determined to be not faulty from the state information.

Abstract: A control method includes: receiving first information pertaining to a first contract from a first terminal used by a first user who is one of two parties who have agreed to the first contract; when consent of a party aside from the two parties is required to validate the first contract, identifying a second user as the party aside from the two parties with reference to a ledger storing information pertaining to a past contract, and transmitting the first information to a second terminal operated by the second user; obtaining second information in which a confirmation result indicating whether the second user consents to the first contract and a digital signature of the second user are added to the first information; and confirming the second information, and when the confirmation result indicates consent, setting the first contract as a valid contract and storing the second information in the ledger.

Abstract: A data management method performed by a first authentication server included in a plurality of authentication servers each having a distributed ledger in a data management system including a device and the plurality of authentication servers includes: obtaining first transaction data generated by the device and including device data obtained or generated by the device; and generating a block including the first transaction data and recording the generated block in the distributed ledger, when the device data included in the first transaction data is first data indicated in an information type list which is a data list indicating data that is subject to recording in the distributed ledger and related to a predetermined contract.

Abstract: A method for controlling one of voting servers in an electronic voting system is provided. The method includes receiving, from a terminal, transaction data including voting data, and determining, by a processor, a block to include the transaction data from among multiple blocks. The method further includes generating, using the processor, the block including the transaction data, and connecting the block to a blockchain, the blockchain being stored in a memory.

Abstract: A pair of filtering membranes are solidly bonded to a membrane-supporting plate by fusibly bonding each of the filtering membranes to the resin membrane-supporting plate. A main fusible domain is formed along peripheral edges of each of the filtering membranes. In addition, a plurality of subordinate fusible domains are intermittently formed in plural locations on one side or on both sides of the main fusible domain. By virtue of the above structure, bonding strength is secured by the main fusible domain, and yet, bonding strength is reinforced by locally provided subordinate fusible domains. A channel is formed in the membrane-supporting plate so that permeated liquid can swiftly flow through the filtering system. In addition, a plurality of projections are formed on peripheral edges of a filtration membrane cartridge facing inner surface of each gutter formed inside of each slit plate by way of causing the respective projections to slidably come into contact with the inner surface of the gutter.

Abstract: A filtration membrane module submerged with processed liquid in the processing tank. Plural plate-like, rigid membrane cartridges are vertically placed in parallel to each other as properly spaced from the adjoining membrane cartridges. The cleaning stream generating means for supplying a flow parallel to the membrane surfaces of the membrane cartridges opposes the gaps between the membrane cartridges opposite to each other. The sucking means for sucking the permeated liquid in each membrane cartridge is communicated with each passage of permeated liquid in each membrane cartridge. The membrane supporting plate for retaining the filtration membrane of the membrane cartridge is made hollow using a rigid structure member.

Abstract: A metal container comprising a sheared portion in a part of the wall thereof, a projecting portion formed adjacent to the sheared portion and outwardly projecting from the wall of the container, the projecting portion having a fractured side surface and the dimension of the projecting portion in the direction transverse to the side surface increasing in the direction outwards of the container, and a gas introducing passage extending along the sheared portion and the fractured side surface and through the wall of the container.

Abstract: A method for filling gas into a container comprises the steps of forming a severed portion through the wall of the container, deforming outwardly a wall portion of the container adjacent to the severed portion so as to form a projecting portion, whereby a gas introducing passage communicating across the wall of the container is formed, supplying pressurized gas into the container through the passage, and deforming the projecting portion inwardly to close the gas introducing passage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a bottom valve seat for use in a hydraulic damper is provided including the steps of: punching out a circular blank from a flat plate of a given thickness to prepare a circular blank having given dimensions; drawing the blank into a cup-shaped work having a circumferential flange portion; forming a cylindrical wall in the cup-shaped work thus provided, with the wall having a given length; and pressing the central portion of a bottom portion of the cup-shaped work downwards or internally, thereby forming an annular flat portion along the circumferential edge of the bottom portion; cutting the flange portion into given dimensions; and punching a through hole in the flange portion. In this bottom valve seat, the flange portion has a flat surface and at least one oil passage is provided in the portion of the valve seat, which is opposite to the bottom portion.