Abstract: A computer readable medium, apparatus, system, and method for performing identification (ID) operations using a processor or programmable circuitry are provided. The processor configures ID federations between a federation server and applications. The processor is further configured to receive a first authentication request for authenticating a first user who has been authenticated on a first application among the applications with a first user ID using an ID federation. The processor is also configured to check the first user ID to determine whether the first user is authorized to access information of a second user on a second application and send a second authentication request to a second application, the second authentication request for authenticating the first user with a second user ID, which is associated with the second user, using an ID federation between the federation server and the second application.

Abstract: Information acquisition is rapidly performed while judging whether the access to the information stored in a database by an application program satisfies a predetermined reference. A database system includes: an application (10) for processing personal information; a personal information DB (20) for storing personal information; a policy server (30) for performing policy-based check according to a personal information protection policy; and a privacy protection module (40). Upon reception of a read request of personal information stored in the personal information DB (20) from the application (10), the privacy protection module (40) reads out the personal information from the personal information database (20). When the privacy protection module (40) receives from the application (10) a passing request of particular personal information among the personal information which has been read out, it asks the policy server (30) whether the passing request is based on the personal information protection policy.