Abstract: Cloth is dyed using a reactive dye, an alkaline substance and a leveling agent. The leveling agent is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of phospholipids obtained from animals or plants, compounds having the formula I and compounds having the formula II: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 each denotes alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, or M, with the proviso that both of R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are not M simultaneously; R.sub.2 denotes alkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; 1 and m each denote 0 or an integer of at least 1; and M denotes alkali metal or hydrogen, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 denotes alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, straight chain, hydroxy-substituted alkenyloxy or branched chain, hydroxy-substituted alkenyloxy; X and Y each denote hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, or ##STR3## wherein M denotes alkali metal or hydrogen; and n denotes an integer of at least 1.

Abstract: Fiber articles are uniformly dyed with use of a dyeing auxiliary composition which comprises an anionic surfactant of the alpha-hydroxysulfonic acid type and an organic polybasic polymer and has a pH of 9 or higher.

Abstract: Stable and homogeneous gel is obtained by forming a solution of a hydrophilic sucrose fatty-acid ester and a hydrophilic liquid polyhydric alcohol and incorporating oil into the resulting solution. Thus-prepared gel is useful either per se or for producing stable aqueous emulsions by admixing water therewith.Stable and homogeneous gel is also obtained by forming a solution of hydrophilic sucrose fatty-acid ester, hydrophilic liquid polyhydric alcohol and lipophilic polyhydric alcohol fatty-acid ester and adding oil to the thus-obtained solution. Such gel likewise yields a stable aqueous emulsion when admixed with water.Neither the noted homogenous gel nor the noted stable emulsion is produced from the specified constituents when admixed in a different order from that specified.