Abstract: A sputtering target including Ge, Sb, and Te, in which a content of C is set in a range of 0.2 atom % or more and 10 atom % or less, an oxygen content is set to 1000 ppm or less by mass, carbon particles are dispersed in a Ge—Sb—Te phase, and an average particle size of the carbon particles is in a range of more than 0.5 ?m and 5.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: A sputtering target according to the present invention contains an intermetallic compound formed of Ge, Sb, and Te in an amount of 75 mol % or more, in which a crystallite size of the intermetallic compound is 400 ? or more and 800 ? or less. The sputtering target according to the present invention may further contain one or more additive elements selected from B, C, In, Ag, Si, Sn, and S, in which a total amount of the additive elements is 25 mol % or less.

Abstract: A sputtering target contains Ge, Sb, and Te and has a high-oxygen region with a high oxygen concentration and a low-oxygen region having a lower oxygen concentration than the high-oxygen region, and has a structure in which the low-oxygen regions are dispersed in island form in a matrix of the high-oxygen region. In the sputtering target, voids with a diameter of 0.5 ?m or more and 5.0 ?m or less may be present in a range of 2 or more and 10 or less in a range of 0.12 mm2 for the average density.

Abstract: A peptide fragment isolated from proline-rich protein 4 (PRP4) has a neuroprotective action. The peptide can be a neuroprotective drug in a preventive or alleviative pharmaceutical composition. The peptide can be used in a neuropathic treatment.

Abstract: A multilayer reflection electrode film includes a Ag film that is formed of Ag or an Ag alloy; and a transparent conductive oxide film that is disposed on the Ag film, in which the transparent conductive oxide film is formed of an oxide that includes Zn and Ga and further includes one element or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Y, and Ti.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a peptide which has a neuroprotective action, a neuroprotective drug and neuropathic treatment containing said peptide, and a preventive or alleviative pharmaceutical composition. This is based on the finding that a peptide fragment isolated from proline-rich protein 4 (PRP4) has a neuroprotective action.

Abstract: A peptide which has a neuroprotective action, a neuroprotective drug and neuropathic treatment containing the peptide, and a preventive or alleviative pharmaceutical composition. The peptide comprises proline-rich protein 4 having the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or a partial sequence thereof, or a modified sequence thereof, which has a neuroprotective action.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a peptide which has a neuroprotective action, a neuroprotective drug and neuropathic treatment containing said peptide, and a preventive or alleviative pharmaceutical composition. This is based on the finding that a peptide fragment isolated from proline-rich protein 4 (PRP4) has a neuroprotective action.

Abstract: A multilayer transparent conductive film is provided, including: a Ag film that is formed of Ag or a Ag alloy; and a transparent conductive oxide film that is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the Ag film, in which the transparent conductive oxide film is formed of an oxide including Zn, Ga, and Ti.

Abstract: A multilayer reflection electrode film includes a Ag film that is formed of Ag or an Ag alloy; and a transparent conductive oxide film that is disposed on the Ag film, in which the transparent conductive oxide film is formed of an oxide that includes Zn and Ga and further includes one element or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Y, and Ti.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process suited to large scale synthesis with high yield for producing oseltamivir phosphate, in which a preparation of oseltamivir phosphate which is highly safe as a pharmaceutical product can be produced, and an intermediate compound for producing oseltamivir phosphate. In this production process, an intermediate compound represented by general formula (V) is synthesized by employing Michael reaction/Michael reaction/Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, and oseltamivir phosphate is produced by converting the substituent groups in this intermediate compound.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a hypothermic agent for an animal, a therapeutic agent for hyperthermia in an animal, etc. The present invention provides a hypothermic agent for an animal, a therapeutic agent for hyperthermia in an animal, etc., the agents etc. comprising desacyl ghrelin or its derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic agent for accelerating recovery to accelerate a return to normal physical conditions by administering to an animal not in good health and under medical treatment, a treatment method, and the like. There is provided a therapeutic agent for accelerating recovery for animal use to accelerate the improvement of a physical condition of an animal under medical treatment which has a decreased activity (vigor) and is exhausted, which contains ghrelin or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient and improves one or more of evaluation parameters consisting of activity (vigor), blood cell test values, biochemical test values, body temperature, the degree of anger or anxiety, and respiratory rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing optically active ?-aminoaldehyde compound (3) by reacting imine compound (1-1) or sulfone compound (1-2) with aldehyde compound (2) in the presence of an optically active pyrrolidine compound. wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing optically active 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanal compound (2) by reacting chloroacetaldehyde with aldehyde compound (1) in the presence of optically active pyrrolidine compound (5). wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of optically active 3-substituted-3-formyl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid compound (4), which includes a step of reacting glyoxylic acid compound (1-1) or (1-2) with aldehyde (2) in the presence of optically active pyrrolidine compound (3); wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method that allows production of stereospecific and asymmetrical five-membered ring-containing compounds serving as synthetic intermediates for formation of five-membered rings of prostaglandins and the like, with high yield and excellent stereoselectivity in terms of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity in a short process without requiring troublesome procedures such as optical resolution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method that allows production of stereospecific and asymmetrical five-membered ring-containing compounds serving as synthetic intermediates for formation of five-membered rings of prostaglandins and the like, with high yield and excellent stereoselectivity in terms of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity in a short process without requiring troublesome procedures such as optical resolution.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process suited to large scale synthesis with high yield for producing oseltamivir phosphate, in which a preparation of oseltamivir phosphate which is highly safe as a pharmaceutical product can be produced, and an intermediate compound for producing oseltamivir phosphate. In this production process, an intermediate compound represented by general formula (V) is synthesized by employing Michael reaction/Michael reaction/Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, and oseltamivir phosphate is produced by converting the substituent groups in this intermediate compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing optically active 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanal compound (2) by reacting chloroacetaldehyde with aldehyde compound (1) in the presence of optically active pyrrolidine compound (5). wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.