Abstract: A photovoltaic device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The photovoltaic device includes: a substrate; a first conductive layer formed on the substrate; P layers and N layers alternately formed along a first direction on the first conductive layer; and I layers covering the P layers and the N layers on the first conductive layer, wherein the P layers and the N layers are separated from each other by a first interval, the I layers are formed between the P layers and the N layers that are separated by the first interval, and the P layers, the I layers, and the N layers formed along the first direction form unit cells.

Abstract: A solar cell includes: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; uneven patterns disposed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first impurity layer disposed on the uneven patterns and which includes a first part having a first doping concentration and a second part having a second doping concentration greater than the first doping concentration; and a first electrode which contacts the second part of the first impurity layer and does not contact the first part of the first impurity layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device using a Joule heating-induced crystallization method. The method includes: forming a first conductive pattern on a substrate; forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the substrate having the first conductive pattern; and crystallizing at least part of the photoelectric conversion layer by applying an electric field to the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes a first amorphous semiconductor layer containing first impurities, a second intrinsic, amorphous semiconductor layer, and a third amorphous semiconductor layer containing second impurities.

Abstract: An inspecting apparatus for a solar cell and an inspecting method are provided. The inspecting apparatus for the solar cell includes a head unit having a plurality of probe units, a rotation unit rotating the head unit according to an interval of cells of the solar cell, a controller controlling a rotation angle of the head unit by controlling the rotation unit, and a wire unit connected to the head unit to be electrically connected to the probe units.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device includes a first photoelectric conversion unit on a substrate and having a first energy bandgap, a second photoelectric conversion unit having a second energy bandgap that is different from the first energy bandgap, the second photoelectric conversion unit being on the first photoelectric conversion unit, and an intermediate unit between the first and second photoelectric conversion units, the intermediate unit including a stack of a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, each of the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer having a refractive index that is smaller than that of the first photoelectric conversion unit, the first intermediate layer having a first refractive index, and the second intermediate layer having a second refractive index that is smaller than the first refractive index.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The photovoltaic device includes: a substrate; a first conductive layer formed on the substrate; P layers and N layers alternately formed along a first direction on the first conductive layer; and I layers covering the P layers and the N layers on the first conductive layer, wherein the P layers and the N layers are separated from each other by a first interval, the I layers are formed between the P layers and the N layers that are separated by the first interval, and the P layers, the I layers, and the N layers formed along the first direction form unit cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photoelectric conversion device having a semiconductor substrate including a front side and back side, a protective layer formed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate, a first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer formed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, a first conductive layer including a first impurity formed on a first portion of a back side of the first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer, and a second conductive layer including the first impurity and a second impurity formed on a second portion of the back side of the first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module includes a plurality of solar cells, and a plurality of solar cell separation regions separating adjacent solar cells. Each of the solar cells includes a first electrode layer on a transparent substrate and electrically separated from the first electrode layer of an adjacent solar cell, a second electrode layer over the first electrode layer and electrically separated from the second electrode layer of the adjacent solar cell, first and second electrical and optical photovoltaic layers between the first and second electrode layers, and a conductive interlayer between the first and second photovoltaic layers. At least one of the solar cell separation regions includes a first separation groove which extends through the first electrode layer; and a second separation groove which extends through the first photovoltaic layer which fills the first separation groove, and the interlayer.

Abstract: A transparent conductive layer includes a substrate, a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer comprises a textured surface and an opening which exposes the first conductive layer, wherein the opening comprises a diameter of about 1 micrometer to about 3 micrometers. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the transparent conductive layer and a photoelectric device.

Abstract: A transparent conductive layer includes a substrate, a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer comprises a textured surface and an opening which exposes the first conductive layer, wherein the opening comprises a diameter of about 1 micrometer to about 3 micrometers. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the transparent conductive layer and a photoelectric device.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a semiconductor layer and an upper electrode layer for an embodiment. The lower electrode layer may include a plurality of area-separating grooves separating the substrate into an active area and a peripheral area surrounding the active area, and a plurality of first cell-separating grooves formed in the active area. The semiconductor layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. The semiconductor layer includes a plurality of second cell-separating grooves that are spaced apart from the first cell-separating grooves. The upper electrode layer is formed on the semiconductor layer. The upper electrode layer includes a plurality of third cell-separating grooves that are spaced apart from the second separating grooves.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photoelectric conversion device having a semiconductor substrate including a front side and back side, a protective layer formed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate, a first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer formed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, a first conductive layer including a first impurity formed on a first portion of a back side of the first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer, and a second conductive layer including the first impurity and a second impurity formed on a second portion of the back side of the first non-single crystalline semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device using a Joule heating-induced crystallization method. The method includes: forming a first conductive pattern on a substrate; forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the substrate having the first conductive pattern; and crystallizing at least part of the photoelectric conversion layer by applying an electric field to the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes a first amorphous semiconductor layer containing first impurities, a second intrinsic, amorphous semiconductor layer, and a third amorphous semiconductor layer containing second impurities.

Abstract: A solar cell includes: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; uneven patterns disposed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first impurity layer disposed on the uneven patterns and which includes a first part having a first doping concentration and a second part having a second doping concentration greater than the first doping concentration; and a first electrode which contacts the second part of the first impurity layer and does not contact the first part of the first impurity layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The photovoltaic device includes: a substrate; a first conductive layer formed on the substrate; P layers and N layers alternately formed along a first direction on the first conductive layer; and I layers covering the P layers and the N layers on the first conductive layer, wherein the P layers and the N layers are separated from each other by a first interval, the I layers are formed between the P layers and the N layers that are separated by the first interval, and the P layers, the I layers, and the N layers formed along the first direction form unit cells.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments of a photovoltaic device and a method of manufacturing the photovoltaic device, a first conductive layer, a first light-absorbing layer and a second conductive layer may be formed on a substrate, in sequence. A temperature for forming the second conductive layer may be lower than a temperature for forming the first conductive layer and a temperature for forming the first light-absorbing layer.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a bottom module layer formed on a first substrate and absorbing a greater fraction of light energy in a first wavelength band than in a second wavelength band. The first wavelength band includes a shorter wavelength than any wavelength in the second wavelength band. A top module layer is formed on the bottom module layer to absorb a greater fraction of light energy in the second wavelength band than in the first wavelength band. A second substrate is formed on the top module layer. A reflecting filter is provided between the bottom module layer and the top module layer. The reflecting filter reflects a greater fraction of light energy in the first wavelength band than in the second wavelength band and transmits a greater fraction of light energy in the second wavelength band than in the first wavelength band.

Abstract: An inspecting apparatus for a solar cell and an inspecting method are provided. The inspecting apparatus for the solar cell includes a head unit having a plurality of probe units, a rotation unit rotating the head unit according to an interval of cells of the solar cell, a controller controlling a rotation angle of the head unit by controlling the rotation unit, and a wire unit connected to the head unit to be electrically connected to the probe units.

Abstract: A solar cell including a first semiconductor layer formed by sequentially stacking a positive (P) layer, an intrinsic (I) layer and a negative (N) layer, wherein the P layer comprises amorphous silicon carbide and at least one of the I and N layers comprises micro-crystalline silicon.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device includes preparing a semiconductor substrate having a light incidence surface receiving light and including single crystalline silicon, wet-etching the light incidence surface to form a plurality of first protrusions on the light incidence surface, dry etching a plurality of surfaces of the first protrusions to form a plurality of second protrusions on the plurality of surfaces of the first protrusions, and forming a semiconductor layer on the light incidence surface. The method further includes forming a first electrode on the semiconductor layer and forming a second electrode on a rear surface of the semiconductor substrate facing the light incidence surface.