Abstract: An imaging optical system consists of: a first lens group having positive power; a second lens group having negative power; and a third lens group having positive power. The first lens group and the third lens group are fixed with respect to an image plane, with the second lens group moving along an optical axis, while the imaging optical system is focusing to make a transition from an infinity in-focus state toward a close-object in-focus state. The first lens group consists of: a sub-lens group G1A; an aperture stop; and a sub-lens group G1B. The sub-lens group G1A includes: a lens L1A1 having negative power; a lens L1A2 having negative power; and a lens L1A3 having negative power.

Abstract: 4-aryl pyrimidine compounds of general formula and salts thereof: wherein X is CH or N; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, etc.; R2 is hydrogen or hydroxy; R3 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, amino, etc.; R5 is hydroxy, amino, carboxy, etc.; R6 is hydrogen, carbamoyl, cyano, carboxy, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, etc. and R7 is amino or C1-6 alkanoylamino. The compounds (I) or the salts thereof have an excellent anti-inflammatory activity and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to urea derivatives and salts thereof which is useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations. The urea derivatives of the present invention has an excellent activity as VR1 antagonist and useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence and/or inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: A medicament which contains a urea derivative or a salt thereof as an active ingredient is disclosed. The medicament has an excellent activity as VR1 antagonist and useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence and/or inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: An amine derivative, its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof which has vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) antagonistic activity, is disclosed. The amine derivative has an excellent activity as VR1 antagonist and useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence and/or inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: 4-aryl pyrimidine compounds of general formula and salts thereof: wherein X is CH or N; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, etc.; R2 is hydrogen or hydroxy; R3 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, amino, etc.; R5 is hydroxy, amino, carboxy, etc.; R6 is hydrogen, carbamoyl, cyano, carboxy, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, etc. and R7 is amino or C1-6 alkanoylamino. The compounds (I) or the salts thereof have an excellent anti-inflammatory activity and the like.