Abstract: The method for estimating the fluid state of a liquid of the present invention includes a step (a) of applying heat to the liquid, a step (b) of acquiring a temperature distribution of the liquid to which the heat is applied, and a step (c) of estimating the fluid state of the liquid based on the acquired temperature distribution. The system for estimating the fluid state of a liquid of the present invention includes a heating means (1) that applies heat to the liquid, a temperature distribution acquisition means (2) that acquires a temperature distribution of the liquid to which the heat is applied, and an estimation means (3) that estimates the fluid state of the liquid based on the acquired temperature distribution. According to such method and system for estimating the fluid state of a liquid, the flow of the liquid can be estimated non-invasively.

Abstract: A method for dynamically evaluating a tear fluid layer using an interference fringe image of the tear fluid layer composed of a plurality of consecutive frames, and includes: an image creation step of creating at least one break detection image of a first break detection image, a second break detection image, a third break detection image, and a fourth break detection image, which are images for detecting a breaking site of the tear fluid layer; a determination step of determining whether the break detection image created by the image creation step corresponds to a predetermined breakup pattern; a tally step of tallying the determination results determined by the determination step; and an evaluation step of evaluating, on the basis of a tallied result by the tally step, a breakup pattern of the interference fringe image of the tear fluid layer.

Abstract: A method for dynamically evaluating a tear fluid layer using an interference fringe image of the tear fluid layer composed of a plurality of consecutive frames, and includes: an image creation step of creating at least one break detection image of a first break detection image, a second break detection image, a third break detection image, and a fourth break detection image, which are images for detecting a breaking site of the tear fluid layer; a determination step of determining whether the break detection image created by the image creation step corresponds to a predetermined breakup pattern; a tally step of tallying the determination results determined by the determination step; and an evaluation step of evaluating, on the basis of a tallied result by the tally step, a breakup pattern of the interference fringe image of the tear fluid layer.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which works to control an electric motor to start the engine through a belt transmission system. The control apparatus restricts rotation of the electric motor so as to keep a speed of the electric motor below a speed at which the electric motor is capable of producing a maximum torque until a given period of time passes since the electric motor is actuated to start in the motor mode. This enables the electric motor to generate the maximum torque when it is required to crank the engine.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which works to control an electric motor to start the engine through a belt transmission system. The control apparatus restricts rotation of the electric motor so as to keep a speed of the electric motor below a speed at which the electric motor is capable of producing a maximum torque until a given period of time passes since the electric motor is actuated to start in the motor mode. This enables the electric motor to generate the maximum torque when it is required to crank the engine.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for achieving a higher measurement accuracy in the detection of an organism-originated physiologically active substance or the measurement of the concentration of the organism-originated physiologically active substance in a hyaluronic acid preparation. The present invention relates to a measurement method for detecting an organism-originated physiologically active substance or measuring the concentration of the organism-originated physiologically active substance in a hyaluronic acid preparation by mixing the hyaluronic acid preparation with an AL reagent to allow the organism-originated physiologically active substance in the hyaluronic acid preparation and an AL to react with each other. A mixed solution of the hyaluronic acid preparation with the AL reagent is diluted with an aqueous electrolyte solution, and a specific protein having a higher affinity for the organism-originated physiologically active substance than that of hyaluronic acid is added to the mixed solution.

Abstract: When assessing the start time of the limulus reaction between biogenous biologically active substances and LAL and using the reaction start time to determine the concentration of the biogenous biologically active substances, in order to exclude the influence of progressive changes which occur regardless of the conditions of the limulus reaction, the strength of transmitted light or scattered light in the liquid mixture of the measurement sample and LAL is detected, the variation (delta) in the transmittance or number of gel particles is acquired at set intervals, and the time when the variation (delta) crosses a threshold value is taken as the reaction start time. Furthermore, the time intervals when acquiring the abovementioned delta are not uniform, and either change over time from the start of measurement as defined by a time function, or multiple sequences with differing time intervals are prepared in advance.

Abstract: When assessing the start time of the limulus reaction between biogenous biologically active substances and LAL and using the reaction start time to determine the concentration of the biogenous biologically active substances, in order to exclude the influence of progressive changes which occur regardless of the conditions of the limulus reaction, the strength of transmitted light or scattered light in the liquid mixture of the measurement sample and LAL is detected, the variation (delta) in the transmittance or number of gel particles is acquired at set intervals, and the time when the variation (delta) crosses a threshold value is taken as the reaction start time. Furthermore, the time intervals when acquiring the abovementioned delta are not uniform, and either change over time from the start of measurement as defined by a time function, or multiple sequences with differing time intervals are prepared in advance.