Abstract: A light detector is configured such that a light receiving portion having APDs and a peripheral portion are provided on a first principal surface of a p-type semiconductor substrate, and further includes a back electrode provided on a second principal surface of the semiconductor substrate and a p-type first separation portion provided between the light receiving portion and the peripheral portion. The APD has, on a first principal surface side, an n-type region and a p-epitaxial layer contacting the n-type region in a Z-direction. The peripheral portion has an n-type MISFET provided at a p-well and an n-well provided to surround entire side and bottom portions of the p-well.

Abstract: A result confirmation unit (204) computes a state space probability that is a probability that a verification target device (300) has not correctly prepared a state space having a quantum state stored therein, a Pauli measurement probability that is a probability that the verification target device (300) has not correctly performed Pauli Z measurement and Pauli X measurement, and a magic state probability that is a probability that the verification target device (300) has not generated a magic state of CCZ. Then, using the state space probability, the Pauli measurement probability, and the magic state probability, the result confirmation unit (204) computes a degree of approximation between a quantum state and the magic state of CCZ at the verification target device (300) and measurement accuracies of the Pauli Z measurement and the Pauli X measurement on the quantum state at the verification target device (300).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an eyewear such as polarized sunglasses using an optical film including a light reflective layer and a polarizing element layer, the eyewear having a metallic color tone conforming to signal visibility standards of various countries, and an optical film and an optical laminate for the eyewear. The present invention provides an optical film obtained by laminating a light reflective layer and a polarizing element layer, in which the optical film satisfies one or more of conditions (a) to (d).

Abstract: An optical film for eyewear includes a light control layer and at least one light reflection layer laminated in this order from an outer side with respect to a viewer. The light reflection layer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that reflects left-handed circularly polarized light or right-handed circularly polarized light in a visible light range, and the light control layer is a quarter wave plate.

Abstract: An optical film for eyewear includes a first light control layer, at least one light reflection layer, a second light control layer, and a linear polarization element layer in this order from an outer side with respect to a viewer. The light reflection layer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that reflects left-handed circularly polarized light or right-handed circularly polarized light in a visible light range, and the first light control layer and the second light control layer are each a quarter wave plate.

Abstract: An optical film for eyewear includes a light control layer and at least one light reflection layer laminated in this order from an outer side with respect to a viewer. The light reflection layer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that reflects left-handed circularly polarized light or right-handed circularly polarized light in a visible light range, and the light control layer is a quarter wave plate.

Abstract: An optical film for eyewear includes a first light control layer, at least one light reflection layer, a second light control layer, and a linear polarization element layer in this order from an outer side with respect to a viewer. The light reflection layer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that reflects left-handed circularly polarized light or right-handed circularly polarized light in a visible light range, and the first light control layer and the second light control layer are each a quarter wave plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which includes an optical compensation layer in addition to a liquid crystal panel and which is capable of preventing degradation of the optical compensation layer, thereby providing high long-term reliability in display characteristics, is provided. The liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel 1 in which a liquid crystal layer 30 is interposed between a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20; a protection substrate 3 disposed at least one side of the liquid crystal panel 1 so as to face the liquid crystal panel 1; and an optical compensation layer 5 interposed between the liquid crystal panel 1 and the protection substrate 3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which includes an optical compensation layer in addition to a liquid crystal panel and which is capable of preventing degradation of the optical compensation layer, thereby providing high long-term reliability in display characteristics, is provided. The liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel 1 in which a liquid crystal layer 30 is interposed between a first substrate 10 and a second substrate 20; a protection substrate 3 disposed at least one side of the liquid crystal panel 1 so as to face the liquid crystal panel 1; and an optical compensation layer 5 interposed between the liquid crystal panel 1 and the protection substrate 3.