Abstract: The present invention reduces security risks while improving the convenience of utilization control technology of an usage target object. A use permit issuance device (1): stores, for each user, authentication data and an authentication method in association with identification information of one or more users and upon receipt of a use permit issuance request from a setting terminal (5), issues a use permit to generate a signature, and identifies the authentication data associated with the user identification information and the authentication method included in the issuance request, and notifies the setting terminal (5) of setting information including the use permit, the signature and the authentication data. The setting terminal (5) registers the setting information in a use permit notification device (4).

Abstract: The present invention reduces security risks while improving convenience in a utilization control technique of a usage target object. A utilization control device (1) can communicate only via Near Field Communication, and is separated from a network. And in the utilization control device (1), a hole data including a public key is set. In a use permit notification device (2), a use permit and signature are registered for each user ID. The signature is generated by using a private key paired with the public key included in the hole data. The use permit notification device (2) sends the use permit and signature in connection with the ID read from an ID card (3) to the utilization control device (1) via the Near Field Communication.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to perform offline management of use of usage target object by a user having a ticket, while reducing risk on security. A use permit that includes transaction information specifying usage conditions for the user to use the usage target object, is added as a two-dimensional code printed on a ticket. A utilization management device takes an image of the two-dimensional code added to the ticket to read the use permit from the image. Then, the utilization management device verifies a signature added to the use permit by using a public key provided in advance by a provider of the usage target object. If verification is established, the utilization management device refers transaction information included in the use permit to permit for user to use of the usage target object when usage condition specified by the transaction information are satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention reduces security risks while improving the convenience of utilization control technology of an usage target object. A use permit issuance device (1): stores, for each user, authentication data and an authentication method in association with identification information of one or more users and upon receipt of a use permit issuance request from a setting terminal (5), issues a use permit to generate a signature, and identifies the authentication data associated with the user identification information and the authentication method included in the issuance request, and notifies the setting terminal (5) of setting information including the use permit, the signature and the authentication data. The setting terminal (5) registers the setting information in a use permit notification device (4).

Abstract: The present invention reduces security risks while improving the convenience of use management technology for a usage target object. A utilization control device (1), upon receiving hole data with a first signature from a provider terminal (3), verifies the first signature by using a first public key, to set the hole data to the device (1) itself when the signature verification is established. Furthermore, upon receiving a use permit with a second signature from a user terminal (4), the utilization control device (1) verifies the second signature by using a second public key included in the hole data, transmits a nonce to the user terminal (4), receives a third signature to the nonce from the user terminal (4), and verifies the third signature by using a third public key included in the use permit.

Abstract: The present invention reduces security risks while improving convenience in a utilization control technique of a usage target object. A utilization control device (1) can communicate only via Near Field Communication, and is separated from a network. And in the utilization control device (1), a hole data including a public key is set. In a use permit notification device (2), a use permit and signature are registered for each user ID. The signature is generated by using a private key paired with the public key included in the hole data. The use permit notification device (2) sends the use permit and signature in connection with the ID read from an ID card (3) to the utilization control device (1) via the Near Field Communication.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the convenience of a utilization management technology for a usage target object is enhanced and the security risk is reduced. This utilization control device (1) is capable of communicating only in a near field communication (63) and stores a first public key that is paired with a first secret key stored in a management device (2). When hole data is received with a first signature from a provider terminal (3), the first signature is verified by means of the first key, and when the signature verification is established, the hole data is set to an own device (1). The hole data includes a second public key that is paired with a second secret key stored in the management device (2). When a utilization permit card is received with a second signature from a user terminal (4), the second signature is verified with the second public key, and when the signature verification is validated, transaction information included in the utilization permit card is acquired.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of obtaining a battery capable of achieving a uniform temperature among a plurality of battery cells in a simple configuration while achieving size and weight reductions, and a battery module using the battery block. The battery block of the present invention has a structure such that a pair of end plates is disposed at both ends of a plurality of battery cells in an arranged direction; first spacers are disposed between the plurality of battery cells; and second spacers are disposed between the battery cells and the end plates. The first spacers have a space for allowing a flow of cooling gas. The second spacers block the flow of the cooling gas between the battery cells and the end plates and have a thermal insulating property for suppressing heat transmission between the battery cells and the end plates.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery module capable of preventing refrigerant leakage and achieving size reduction while increasing the number of unit batteries by employing a plurality of battery blocks. The battery module (14) of the present invention has a plurality of battery blocks (1) having a plurality of arranged and connected unit batteries (2), the battery module (14) including a cooling plate (12) coupled with the plurality of unit batteries (1) in a heat transmissible manner, and a cooling pipe (18) detachably attached to the cooling plate (12)and disposed endlessly continuously while spanning at least two of the plurality of battery blocks (1).

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of obtaining a battery capable of achieving a uniform temperature among a plurality of battery cells in a simple configuration while achieving size and weight reductions, and a battery module using the battery block. The battery block of the present invention has a structure such that a pair of end plates is disposed at both ends of a plurality of battery cells in an arranged direction; first spacers are disposed between the plurality of battery cells; and second spacers are disposed between the battery cells and the end plates. The first spacers have a space for allowing a flow of cooling gas. The second spacers block the flow of the cooling gas between the battery cells and the end plates and have a thermal insulating property for suppressing heat transmission between the battery cells and the end plates.

Abstract: In a battery block, a plurality of battery cells are arrayed, connected, and fixed, and the plurality of battery cells are separated into a plurality of sections, each of which includes a predetermined number of battery cells separated as one section by a section plate. The battery block is sandwiched between two end plates and the two end plates and the section plates are bolted down and fixed via a plurality of rods extending along a direction in which the battery cells are arrayed. The battery cells each include a gas vent valve, and the battery block includes a vent duct that establishes communication between the gas vent valves of the battery cells.

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.

Abstract: In a connecting structure between a rotary shaft and a metal plate and a method of connecting them together, in which the metal plate can be joined to the rotary shaft with a high degree of accuracy with high strength at a low manufacturing cost without causing eccentricity, inclination, or the like as far as possible, a large-diameter shaft portion and a small-diameter shaft portion are connected to each other with a predetermined difference in diameter so as to form therebetween a shoulder surface perpendicular to an axis of rotation, plural stripes of coining indents extending in a direction of shaft length are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the small-diameter shaft portion, a circular-shaped mount hole adapted to be fitted onto the small-diameter shaft portion is formed in the metal plate, the mount hole of the metal plate is press-fitted onto the small-diameter shaft portion so as to be subjected to plastic deformation by the coining indents, a portion surrounding the mount hole on one side su

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.

Abstract: The invention is intended to simplify a default mechanism of a throttle valve opening and closing device for the purpose of improving mountability of the device to a vehicle. When a motor generate no driving forces, a throttle valve is held in a position (1) by a return spring. In this position, gaps are formed between the throttle valve and a wall surface of an intake passage. Spherical recesses are formed in parts of the wall surface of the intake passage. In a position (2) where the throttle valve is opposed to the spherical recesses, the gaps are minimized in an operating range of the throttle valve.