Abstract: An optical film according to an embodiment includes a substrate 101, a surface member 102 provided on a front surface of the substrate 101, and an optical functional layer 103 provided on a back surface of the substrate 101. The optical functional layer 103 includes a low-refractive index layer 104 and a high-refractive index layer 105, and an interface between the low-refractive index layer 104 and the high-refractive index layer 105 has a recessed/protruding shape. The refractive index of the high-refractive index layer 105, the refractive index of the substrate 101, and the refractive index of the surface member 102 become smaller in this order.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a culture medium containing a specific growth factor and at least one phospholipid; a composition for preparation of the culture medium; a kit; and a method. A technique can be provided which uses a serum-free or low-serum culture medium and has a promoting effect on the proliferation of an animal cell comparable to the promoting effect obtained by the culture in a serum-containing culture medium.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a culture medium containing a specific growth factor and at least one phospholipid; a composition for preparation of the culture medium; a kit; and a method. A technique can be provided which uses a serum-free or low-serum culture medium and has a promoting effect on the proliferation of an animal cell comparable to the promoting effect obtained by the culture in a serum-containing culture medium.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a culture medium containing a specific growth factor and at least one phospholipid; a composition for preparation of the culture medium; a kit; and a method. A technique can be provided which uses a serum-free or low-serum culture medium and has a promoting effect on the proliferation of an animal cell comparable to the promoting effect obtained by the culture in a serum-containing culture medium.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a culture medium containing a specific growth factor and at least one phospholipid; a composition for preparation of the culture medium; a kit; and a method. A technique can be provided which uses a serum-free or low-serum culture medium and has a promoting effect on the proliferation of an animal cell comparable to the promoting effect obtained by the culture in a serum-containing culture medium.

Abstract: A lenticular lens comprises multiple convex unit lenses, two sides of each unit lens being curved surfaces gradually spreading outwardly from the upside (plane of emergence) to the base (plane of incidence) of the unit lens, and these unit lenses are disposed on a base film in parallel with each other. The acute angle ? between a tangent to two curves corresponding to the two sides of the unit lens on its section vertical to the longer direction and a line parallel to the upside (or the base) of the unit lens is in a range represented by the following inequality: 139(d/p)3?176(d/p)2+78(d/p)+74.4 >?>346(d/p)3?469(d/p)2+219(d/p)+45.0 where d is the length of half of the distance between the two curves, and p is the pitch at which the unit lenses are disposed.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: A lenticular lens 23 comprises multiple convex unit lenses 23b, two sides of each unit lens 23b being curved surfaces gradually spreading outwardly from the upside (plane of emergence) to the base (plane of incidence) of the unit lens, and these unit lenses 23b are disposed on a base film 21 in parallel with each other. The acute angle ? between a tangent to two curves corresponding to the two sides of the unit lens 23b on its section vertical to the longer direction and a line parallel to the upside (or the base) of the unit lens 23b is in a range represented by the following inequality: 139(d/p)3?176(d/p)2+78(d/p)+74.4>?>346(d/p)3?469(d/p)2+219(d/p)+45.0 where d is the length of half of the distance between the two curves, and p is the pitch at which the unit lenses are disposed.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves betweenadjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.

Abstract: A diffusing sheet is glossy and is capable of displaying images in satisfactory contrast and a rear projection screen includes the diffusing sheet. A diffusing sheet 11 has an exit surface 12 facing the viewer and an entrance surface 13. The exit surface 12 meets a condition that a value obtained by dividing a value obtained through the discrete Fourier transform of roughness data obtained by measuring the surface roughness of the exit surface by the number of data is 0.04 ?m or below for frequencies of 80 mm?1 or above. Preferably, the exit surface 12 of the diffusing sheet 11 has an arithmetical average roughness Ra of 0.50 ?m or below.

Abstract: In a diffusion sheet 101, a plurality of approximately trapezoidal columnar unit lens portions 11 are disposed such that the long-axis directions thereof are in parallel with each other, and all the surfaces of the unit lens portions, which correspond to the long bottom segments 112 of the approximately trapezoidal sections of the unit lens portions 11 are disposed on a light-incident-side flat surface. Further, light absorbing portions 12 are disposed in the grooves between adjacent unit lens portions 11 to absorb and/or shield external light incident from a light outgoing side. In the diffusion sheet 101 arranged as described above, light incident on the unit lens portions 11 from a light incident side is totally reflected on the surfaces corresponding to the side segments 111 of the approximately trapezoidal sections vertical to the long-axis direction of the unit lens portions and outgoes from the light outgoing side.