Abstract: An optical fiber in which the increase of attenuation can be reduced is offered. An optical fiber is made of silica glass and includes a core and a cladding enclosing the core. The refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the core. The core includes chlorine and any of the alkali metal group. The chlorine concentration is 1 ppm or more in the whole region of the core. In the whole region of the core, the absolute value of rate of radial change of the chlorine concentration is smaller than 2000 ppm/?m.

Abstract: A treatment instrument includes a first treatment portion including a first member with a first contact surface and a second member with a second contact surface; a movement mechanism to switch between a closed position where the first and second contact surfaces are close to each other and an open position where the first and second contact surfaces are separated each other; and a second treatment portion juxtaposed to the first treatment portion. A distal end of the second treatment portion is located at a distal side in the longitudinal axis than a distal end of the first treatment portion on the closed position.

Abstract: In a power conversion device in a configuration in which a plurality of power converter cells has serially connected outputs and includes a converter and an inverter as components, when a load is light, the cells also operate with a light load, and efficiency is reduced. A power conversion device has a plurality of power converter cells. The outputs of the cells are connected in series. The device has a controller that controls the cells. The cells each have a converter that converts an externally inputted power supply voltage and generates a DC link voltage and an inverter that converts the DC link voltage into an alternating current voltage and outputs the current. The controller stops a converter in some of the cells depending on power supply electric power or load electric power. The inverter continues to operate using a link capacitor as a power supply.

Abstract: An apparatus adds attribute information that is used for outputting a warning that use of a symbol is non-recommended to the symbol that is included in a source code. The apparatus determines whether or not the warning corresponding to the attribute information is output for the symbol in compilation of the source code, determines that the symbol is an unused symbol which is not used in a process which is described in the source code in a case where the warning is not output, and outputs information of the unused symbol.

Abstract: The optical fiber offered is capable of not only restraining the attenuation due to glass defects, but also reducing the increase of manufacturing cost. The optical fiber is made of silica glass and includes a core and a cladding. The cladding encloses the core and has a refractive index smaller than that of the core. When the core is divided into inner core and outer core at half of the radius of the core, the average chlorine concentration of the inner core is larger than that of the outer core. The core includes any of the alkali metal group.

Abstract: In a power conversion device in a configuration in which a plurality of power converter cells has serially connected outputs and includes a converter and an inverter as components, when a load is light, the cells also operate with a light load, and efficiency is reduced. A power conversion device has a plurality of power converter cells. The outputs of the cells are connected in series. The device has a controller that controls the cells. The cells each have a converter that converts an externally inputted power supply voltage and generates a DC link voltage and an inverter that converts the DC link voltage into an alternating current voltage and outputs the current. The controller stops a converter in some of the cells depending on power supply electric power or load electric power. The inverter continues to operate using a link capacitor as a power supply.

Abstract: An optical fiber having an effective area that can be easily increased and bending loss characteristics that can be easily improved is provided. The optical fiber includes a glass fiber including a core and a cladding; a first resin coating layer that is in contact with the glass fiber and surrounds the glass fiber; and a second resin coating layer that surrounds the first resin coating layer and has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the first resin coating layer. An effective area is greater than or equal to 110 ?m2 and less than or equal to 180 ?m2 at a wavelength of 1550 nm. A cable cut-off wavelength is less than or equal to 1530 nm. A uniformity of thickness of the first resin coating layer is greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 80%.

Abstract: A sales data processing terminal for a retail location, includes an image capturing device to capture an image of an item being registered in a sales transaction or a gift certificate presented for settlement of the sales transaction. A controller is configured to identify the item in the image by comparing the image to stored commodity reference information for items for sale at the retail location, and identify whether the gift certificate is a type accepted at the retail location for settlement by comparing the gift certificate in the image to stored gift certificate reference information.

Abstract: A sales data processing apparatus includes an imaging unit and a control unit. The control unit is configured to cause the imaging unit to capture an image of an item, identify a candidate item corresponding to the item by object recognition processing on the image, transmit identification information for the candidate item and the image of the item to an external device; and then receive a confirmation result from the external device indicating whether or not the item included in the image matches the candidate article according to the transmitted identification information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical fiber preform for obtaining an optical fiber with low transmission loss. A core preform included in the optical fiber preform comprises three or more core portions, which are each produced by a rod-in-collapse method, and in which both their alkali metal element concentration and chlorine concentration are independently controlled. In two or more manufacturing steps of the manufacturing steps for each of the three or more core portions, an alkali metal element is added. As a result, the mean alkali metal element concentration in the whole core preform is controlled to 7 atomic ppm or more and 70 atomic ppm or less.

Abstract: A coin bar unpacking apparatus comprises a housing including an opening and a hole configured to accommodate a packed coin bar inserted through the opening, the hole extending in an insertion direction of packed coin bar and decreasing in diameter along the insertion direction such that a first diameter of the hole at a first location is greater than a second diameter of the hole at a second location that is farther from the opening than the first location. An inner surface of the housing at the second location restricts movement of the packed coin bar in a first direction when the packed coin bar is pressed against a rim of the opening in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A commodity-data processing apparatus a receipt printer, a scanner, and a cover. The receipt printer includes a printer housing having a first rear opening. The scanner includes a scanner housing having a second rear opening. The scanner housing is disposed adjacent to the printer housing and detachably fixed to the printer housing. The cover covers the first rear opening of the receipt printer and the second rear opening of the scanner.

Abstract: A surgical treatment instrument includes a holdable housing, a shaft, an end effector configured to perform a bending movement with respect to the shaft, a rotor configured to rotate about a rotation axis in response to an operation input performed through an operation member, and a transmission member configured to transmit a driving force for causing the end effector to perform the bending movement to the end effector. The operation member and the transmission member are configured to rotate together with the shaft and the end effector in response to the operation input, and the rotor is configured to not rotate together with the shaft and the end effector when the operation input is performed.

Abstract: A surgical treatment instrument includes an elongated member an end effector that is bendable with respect to the elongated member, a bending operator operable to bend the end effector, a rotor rotatable about a rotation axis in response to operation of the bending operator, and a transmitter that transmits a driving force to bend the end effector. The bending operator, the rotor, and the transmitter are rotatable about the longitudinal axis together with the elongated member and the end effector.

Abstract: In a power conversion device, a power conversion unit includes a single-phase inverter on a secondary side of a resonant type converter that has an input of a direct current. A power conversion unit group is configured by connecting outputs of the single-phase inverters of a plurality of power conversion units in series. Respective phases of three phase alternate current are formed with the three power conversion unit groups housed in a power conversion device housing. The plurality of power conversion units constituting the power conversion unit group are disposed along a longitudinal direction of the power conversion device housing. The respective three power conversion unit groups are disposed at an upper stage, a middle stage, and a lower stage in a height direction of the power conversion device housing. The power conversion device housing has one end side in the longitudinal direction as output terminals of the three power conversion unit groups.

Abstract: A treatment instrument includes a rotating body and a housing. The rotating body includes a connecting portion including: a supported portion having a cylindrical outer peripheral surface, and an engaged portion that is adjacent to the supported surface. The housing includes a supporting portion that is configured to support the supported portion of the rotating body, the supporting portion being rotatable around a predetermined rotation axis; and an engaging portion that is configured to generate a frictional force larger than a frictional force between the supporting portion and the supported portion by coming into contact with the engaged portion.

Abstract: A coin bar unpacking apparatus comprises a housing including an opening and a hole configured to accommodate a packed coin bar inserted through the opening, the hole extending in an insertion direction of packed coin bar and decreasing in diameter along the insertion direction such that a first diameter of the hole at a first location is greater than a second diameter of the hole at a second location that is farther from the opening than the first location. An inner surface of the housing at the second location restricts movement of the packed coin bar in a first direction when the packed coin bar is pressed against a rim of the opening in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: In a treatment instrument, a shaft is rotatable around a predetermined rotation axis relative to the housing, and an end effector is bendably or curvably attached to the shaft. In the treatment instrument, an interlocking member is provided independently of the shaft, and a receiver is provided in such a manner that rotation of the receiver relative to the housing is restricted or that rotation of the receiver relative to the shaft is restricted. The interlocking member moves in conjunction with bending or curving movement of the end effector so that the receiver engages with the interlocking member, thereby preventing rotation of the shaft around the predetermined rotation axis.

Abstract: A treatment instrument includes: a first treatment section which includes a first body including a first contact surface and a second body including a second contact surface; a movement mechanism which is configured to switch between a closed position in which the first contact surface and the second contact surface are close to each other, and an opened position in which the first contact surface and the second contact surface are distant from each other; and a second treatment section which is disposed on a distal side along the longitudinal axis with respect to the first treatment section when the first contact surface and the second contact surface are located in the closed position, and which is configured to apply energy to the living tissue to incise or separate the living tissue.

Abstract: An optical fiber preform of the present embodiment comprises a core portion and a cladding each comprised of silica glass. The core portion has a first dopant region including a central axis of the core portion and a second dopant region away from the central axis. The first dopant region contains a first dopant selected from among Na, K, and their compounds, and a concentration of the first dopant is 10 atomic ppm or more but 2,000 atomic ppm or less. The second dopant region contains a second dopant reducing viscosity of the silica glass. The second dopant has, as a characteristic at a temperature of 2,000° C. to 2,300° C., a diffusion coefficient of 1×10?12 cm2/s or higher but lower than that of the first dopant, and a concentration of the second dopant region is 10 atomic ppm or more.