Abstract: A cell culture method includes performing adherent culture of cells on a coat layer layered on a surface of a cell culture container by placing a culture medium and the cells in the cell culture container. The coat layer includes a layer (i) that includes a layer (i-1) including gelatin or casein and a layer (i-2) that includes a polycationic material and a layer (ii) that is layered on the layer (i) and includes a cell adhesion factor. The layer (ii) is disposed at a position at which the layer (ii) comes into contact with the cells, or the coat layer includes the layer (i) and the layer (i) is disposed at a position at which the layer (i) comes into contact with the cells, and the culture medium includes the cell adhesion factor.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus that comprises an active antenna including an antenna, a semiconductor structure configured to operate as an oscillator, and at least two power lines configured to give a potential difference to the semiconductor structure, and configured to generate or detect an electromagnetic wave, and a control line electrically connected to one of the at least two power lines and configured to be injected with a signal for controlling a phase of the oscillator in the active antenna is provided.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus that comprises an antenna array in which a plurality of active antennas each including an antenna and a semiconductor structure configured to generate or detect an electromagnetic wave are arranged in an array, a coupling line configured to mutually couple two antennas respectively included in at least two active antennas among the plurality of active antennas, and an impedance variable device configured to make an impedance of the coupling line variable is provided.