Abstract: Provided is a porous membrane having high filtration performance and little deterioration of water permeation performance due to membrane surface abrasion when used in a method of clarifying, by membrane filtration, turbid water that is natural water, domestic wastewater, or water resulting from treatment thereof. In the porous membrane, a ratio of internal porosity in a thickness up to 0.12% of membrane thickness from a topmost surface of a surface at a filtration feed side relative to surface porosity of the surface at the filtration feed side is 1.05 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a porous hollow fiber membrane made of a thermoplastic resin, wherein a membrane thickness is 0.050 mm or larger and 0.25 mm or smaller, and when a strength coefficient is defined as K=(compressive strength)/((membrane thickness)/(inside diameter/2))3, K=1.7 or more.

Abstract: A learning device includes processing circuitry configured to acquire time series data related to a processing target, perform learning processing of updating parameters of a first model by using the time series data acquired as a data set for learning, and causing the first model to solve a first task, the first model including a neural network constituted of a plurality of layers, and perform learning processing of updating parameters of a second model by using the data set for learning, and causing the second model to solve a second task different from the first task, the second model including a neural network using, as initial values, the parameters of the first model subjected to the learning processing performed.

Abstract: The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, and includes a surface having a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 300 nm or less, and has a compressive strength of 0.7 MPa or more. The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may include at least two layers, and in this case, the surface of one layer has a thickness of backbone of 0.3 to 20 ?m and a fine pore diameter of 0.3 to 10 ?m, and the surface of the other layer has a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 0.05 to 0.3 ?m.

Abstract: A driving takeover apparatus is configured to execute a takeover from an automated driving to a manual driving by a driver in response to, during the automated driving, (i) a current operation amount by the driver to an operation target is within a takeover permissible range set according to a required operation amount to the operation target to generate a takeover control amount, and (ii) a takeover operation device is operated.

Abstract: Provided is a porous membrane which has a high water permeability performance, a high blocking performance, and a durability performance against loads of long-term and high operation pressures, which are suitable for filtering applications. The porous membrane includes one surface to be on a side of a filtrate; and the other surface to be on a side of a liquid to be filtered, wherein a surface pore diameter index of the one surface is 2.5 or more, the surface pore diameter index being determined by dividing a pore diameter in a top surface by a pore diameter in a second top surface.

Abstract: Provided is a porous membrane having a high blocking performance suited for filtration application as well as being excellent in water permeability performance, which is capable of providing stable filtering operation over a long period of time. The porous membrane has a cross-sectional pore size index of 40 or more in a region where a membrane thickness position ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 within the membrane thickness which is normalized by defining one surface position as 0 and the other surface position as 1 and divided into ten regions in the membrane thickness direction, the cross-sectional pore size index being calculated by: Cross-Sectional Pore Size Index=(Cross-Sectional Pore Size in the Range)/(Pore Size of the One Surface).

Abstract: A porous membrane has a thickness of 150 ?m or greater. The pore diameters of a first surface are smaller than the pore diameters of a second surface. The average value of the pore diameters of the first surface is 60 nm or less, and the coefficient of variation of the pore diameters is 10% or greater and 50% or less.

Abstract: The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, and includes a surface having a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 300 nm or less, and has a compressive strength of 0.7 MPa or more. The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may include at least two layers, and in this case, the surface of one layer has a thickness of backbone of 0.3 to 20 ?m and a fine pore diameter of 0.3 to 10 ?m, and the surface of the other layer has a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 0.05 to 0.3 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a porous membrane which has a high water permeability performance, a high blocking performance, and a durability performance against loads of long-term and high operation pressures, which are suitable for filtering applications. The porous membrane includes one surface to be on a side of a filtrate; and the other surface to be on a side of a liquid to be filtered, wherein a surface pore diameter index of the one surface is 2.5 or more, the surface pore diameter index being determined by dividing a pore diameter in a top surface by a pore diameter in a second top surface.

Abstract: The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, and includes a surface having a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 300 nm or less, and has a compressive strength of 0.7 MPa or more. The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may include at least two layers, and in this case, the surface of one layer has a thickness of backbone of 0.3 to 20 ?m and a fine pore diameter of 0.3 to 10 ?m, and the surface of the other layer has a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 0.05 to 0.3 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a porous hollow fiber membrane made of a thermoplastic resin, wherein a membrane thickness is 0.050 mm or larger and 0.25 mm or smaller, and when a strength coefficient is defined as K=(compressive strength)/((membrane thickness)/(inside diameter/2))3, K=1.7 or more.

Abstract: A porous membrane has a thickness of 150 ?m or greater. The pore diameters of a first surface are smaller than the pore diameters of a second surface. The average value of the pore diameters of the first surface is 60 nm or less, and the coefficient of variation of the pore diameters is 10% or greater and 50% or less.

Abstract: Provided is a porous membrane having a high blocking performance suited for filtration application as well as being excellent in water permeability performance, which is capable of providing stable filtering operation over a long period of time. The porous membrane has a cross-sectional pore size index of 40 or more in a region where a membrane thickness position ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 within the membrane thickness which is normalized by defining one surface position as 0 and the other surface position as 1 and divided into ten regions in the membrane thickness direction, the cross-sectional pore size index being calculated by: Cross-Sectional Pore Size Index=(Cross-Sectional Pore Size in the Range)/(Pore Size of the One Surface).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multiporous hollow-fiber membrane containing a thermoplastic resin, in which an aspect ratio of outer surface pores is 10 or more, an aspect ratio of inner surface pores is 1 to 5, and a thickness of a polymer backbone forming the outer surface pores is 1 ?m to 20 ?m.

Abstract: The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, and includes a surface having a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 300 nm or less, and has a compressive strength of 0.7 MPa or more. The porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may include at least two layers, and in this case, the surface of one layer has a thickness of backbone of 0.3 to 20 ?m and a fine pore diameter of 0.3 to 10 ?m, and the surface of the other layer has a surface porosity of 32 to 60% and a fine pore diameter of 0.05 to 0.3 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multiporous hollow-fiber membrane containing a thermoplastic resin, in which an aspect ratio of outer surface pores is 10 or more, an aspect ratio of inner surface pores is 1 to 5, and a thickness of a polymer backbone forming the outer surface pores is 1 ?m to 20 ?m.