Abstract: An image-processing apparatus according to the present invention is provided with: a storing portion that stores a pupil-image function of an imaging optical system; and a reconstructing-processing portion that reconstructs, on the basis of the pupil-image function stored in the storing portion and input light-field images, a three-dimensional image of an imaging subject by means of repeated computations that give an initial value. The reconstructing-processing portion uses the three-dimensional image reconstructed on the basis of, among the light-field images of a plurality of frames acquired in a time series, the light field image of a preceding one of the frames in a time-axis direction as the initial value.

Abstract: An image pickup element includes: light-receiving elements, a pair thereof in a row direction outputting pixel signals forming a pair of captured images that have parallax of an object, a group of light-receiving elements being formed by a central light-receiving element being disposed between the light-receiving elements in the pair; a microlens that refracts light from the object and causes the light-receiving elements to receive the light; a color filter that transmits light in accordance with color and is one of R, G, and B for each pair of light-receiving elements, R/G or B/G alternating in the row direction, and a different color being disposed for the pair and the central light-receiving element; and wiring, between the light-receiving elements in the row direction, that transmits I/O signals of the light-receiving elements. The microlens is a cylindrical lens that extends in the column direction and covers the group of light-receiving elements.

Abstract: An image pickup element includes: light-receiving elements, arranged in row and column directions, that receive light from an object, two pairs of light-receiving elements forming a pair in the column direction and a pair in the row direction and outputting pixel signals forming two pairs of captured images that have parallax of the object; a microlens that refracts light from the object and causes the light-receiving elements to receive the light; a color filter, between the microlens and the light-receiving elements, that transmits light in accordance with color and is one of R, G, and B for each pair of light-receiving elements, R/G or BIG alternating in the row direction; and wiring, between the light-receiving elements in the row direction, that transmits an input signal or an output signal of the light-receiving elements. A color discrepancy in a left/right pair of captured images is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image obtaining apparatus has an optical system through which at least two parallax images are obtained, a first image creating unit that creates a first stereoscopic image from a single 2D image, a second image creating unit that creates a second stereoscopic image from the at least two parallax images; and a stereoscopic image selection unit that makes a selection between the first image creating unit and the second image creating unit. The stereoscopic image selection unit makes a selection in such a way that objects for which the first image generation unit is selected are more distant than objects for which the second image generation unit is selected.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image evaluation unit (100) for evaluating an input image. The parallax statistic is calculated by measuring the parallax included in the input image by a parallax measuring means (3), the static parallax evaluation value for the calculated parallax statistic and/or a dynamic parallax evaluation value for a temporal change in the parallax statistic is determined by a static parallax evaluating means (4-1) and/or a dynamic parallax evaluating means (4-2) of an evaluating means (4) to evaluate parallax information on the image. An abrupt change in the parallax can be evaluated thereby, and countermeasures against errors in measurement and noise of the image can be taken, so that parallax information on the image can be suitably evaluated.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image processing system capable of emphasizing color saturation of an image. A coefficient deciding section decides a color saturation emphasis coefficient in accordance with reliability of white balance at the time of photographing. A coefficient applying section executes color saturation emphasis processing for an image signal by using the color saturation emphasis coefficient decided by the coefficient deciding section.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image evaluation unit (100) for evaluating an input image. The parallax statistic is calculated by measuring the parallax included in the input image by a parallax measuring means (3), the static parallax evaluation value for the calculated parallax statistic and/or a dynamic parallax evaluation value for a temporal change in the parallax statistic is determined by a static parallax evaluating means (4-1) and/or a dynamic parallax evaluating means (4-2) of an evaluating means (4) to evaluate parallax information on the image. An abrupt change in the parallax can be evaluated thereby, and countermeasures against errors in measurement and noise of the image can be taken, so that parallax information on the image can be suitably evaluated.

Abstract: An image display system for viewing an electronic image and an external sight simultaneously, which includes image display units which have an individual controller for outputting image signals to a display unit. The display unit enables a switching operation with a predetermined operation mode from a plurality of operation modes, including a mode for indicating the image signals output from the individual controller. An external control device outputs mode control signals which address the operation mode of the display unit and are received by an external control terminal. A mode exchanging switch specifies a condition of the mode control signal. A detection unit detects whether the external control terminal is connected to a connector capable of outputting a mode control signal. The individual controllers are connected to the external control terminals in turn so as to couple the controllers to the external control device in series.

Abstract: A biocular image display apparatus in which the observer's left and right visual lines intersect at a position where the image as observed appears to be natural to the observer even in a corner of the image field, thereby enabling the observer to make observation with ease and without feeling incongruous even at a wide field angle. The apparatus has left and right display surfaces and left and right optical systems associated with the display surfaces, respectively, wherein enlarged images of the left and right display surfaces are observed through the left and right optical systems. The apparatus has a diopter setting mechanism (11), an interpupillary distance setting mechanism (12), and a vergence mechanism (13) that tilts the left and right optical systems, together with the left and right display surfaces, respectively, as one unit so that the optical axes of the left and right optical systems form a predetermined angle according to the set diopter and interpupillary distance values.

Abstract: An image display system capable of viewing an electronic image and an external sight simultaneously, or selectively is disclosed.

Abstract: An optical angle detection apparatus includes a light source section, a sensor section disposed separately from the light source section through a space, a timing controller, and a calculation processing section. The light source section includes a plurality of LEDs and a plurality of first polarizing plates whose polarizing directions differ from each other by 45.degree. in correspondence with the LEDs. The sensor section includes a lens and a two-dimensional PSD. The timing controller sequentially and periodically turns on the plurality of LEDs.

Abstract: A display apparatus, which can be mounted on the head portion of a man, includes a two-dimensional display unit for displaying an image. A projection optical system projects the image displayed on the two-dimensional display unit onto the retina of the eyeball of a user. A shutter is arranged in front of the eyeball of the user. A detector detects at least a forward inclination of motions of the head portion of the user. A control unit controls the shutter in accordance with the output from the detector to switch the shutter between a light transmission state and a light shielding state. A housing incorporates and holds the two-dimensional display unit, the projection optical system, the shutter, and the detector to be mountable on the head portion of the user.

Abstract: A head-mounted display apparatus designed so that the utilization efficiency of display light from an image display device is increased and it is possible to control the brightness of an outside, real world image and also possible to shut off light from the outside. A liquid crystal display device (2) is disposed so that the direction of polarization of light emerging from the liquid crystal display device (2) is parallel to the plane of incidence on a polarization beam splitter (5) disposed in front of an observer's eye. The light emerging from the liquid crystal display device (2) is transmitted by the PBS (5) and reflected by a concave mirror (3) through a quarter-wave plate (6) disposed on the exit side of the PBS (5). The reflected light passes through the quarter-wave plate (6) and enters the PBS (5) again. Since the display light passes through the quarter-wave plate (6) twice during the round-trip travel, almost all the display light is reflected by the PBS (5) to enter the observer's eye.