Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a simplified authentication transaction for reconnecting a storage device to a host apparatus that has completed authentication in the past. According to one embodiment, an authentication log is recorded in the host. Plural units of this log information are recorded in the storage device. At the time of transferring a content decryption key and usage rules between the host and the storage device, the decryption key and usage rules are recorded into the host as a log for the transfer. The used authentication log is recorded into the storage device as RAPDI. If RAPDI indicates the authentication log in the simplified authentication transaction, recovery transaction is permitted. The host device deletes/invalidates or holds the log for the transfer in accordance with non-permission/permission. In the case of permission, the key and usage rules are recovered by using a log for the transfer prior to the simplified authentication transaction.

Abstract: A read cache and a write cache are made up of two kinds of nonvolatile memories whose characteristics are different. For example, nonvolatile memory whose write endurance is high is assigned to the write cache, nonvolatile memory whose write endurance is low is assigned to the read cache, and the management tables of data in these caches are stored in the nonvolatile memory whose write endurance is high. Alternatively, nonvolatile memory that has a fast write speed but has a slow read speed is adopted for the write cache and nonvolatile memory that has a fast read speed but has a slow write speed is adopted for the read cache.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: A user can watch desired content among a plurality of encrypted contents recorded in a storage apparatus having a large capacity recording medium when the user wants to watch. Usage Pass (UP) necessary for watching content and encrypted content are recorded in a rental storage apparatus. The UP is in an invalid state when the storage apparatus is rented, and processing for validating the corresponding UP is executed between the storage apparatus and a host apparatus through which content is watched to thereby make content watchable. A history that processing for validating the UP is executed is recorded in the storage apparatus. A service provider bills a content use fee to the user based on the history of the storage apparatus.

Abstract: A read cache and a write cache are made up of two kinds of nonvolatile memories whose characteristics are different. For example, nonvolatile memory whose write endurance is high is assigned to the write cache, nonvolatile memory whose write endurance is low is assigned to the read cache, and the management tables of data in these caches are stored in the nonvolatile memory whose write endurance is high. Alternatively, nonvolatile memory that has a fast write speed but has a slow read speed is adopted for the write cache and nonvolatile memory that has a fast read speed but has a slow write speed is adopted for the read cache.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: The original content and the converted content obtained by converting the original content are encrypted by the same content key. A license containing data of use conditions such as the content key and a use period is recorded in an area of a storage medium limited for access. When the converted content is used with an external storage medium, a copy of an original license is created, a use period of the copy is changed to a use period of the converted content designated by a user, and the license is output as a converted content license to the external storage device. The use period of the original content is rewritten to prevent its overlapping with a use period defined by the converted license.

Abstract: A radio equipment, wherein an attenuator (10) is inserted between antennas (91, 92) and a radio module (2), and output and input sensitivities are raised and lowered simultaneously so as to keep the balance of a radio covering range with an input receiver coverage at a constant, and the antenna (91) and the antenna (92) with attenuator are switched over by a switch (8) to increase and decrease the radio coverage range and input receiver coverage while keeping the balance of the dynamic radio coverage range with the input receiver coverage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention prevent a storage from being continuously used in a state in which the time of a built-in clock is different from the actual time because of replacement of a battery or intentional tampering of time. In one embodiment, a storage having a recording medium for storing content data includes: a clock that can refer to present time and can set time to reliable standard time on the outside (time synchronization); a built-in power supply that supplies power to the clock; and a nonvolatile memory that records time when the time synchronization for the clock is performed. The storage compares, according to circumstances, the present time indicated by the built-in clock and the time when the time synchronization is performed last time and, when it is made clear that the time synchronization is not performed for time longer than a fixed time set in advance, prohibits an access to a limited access area of the recording medium.

Abstract: Encrypted data and an encryption key used for the encrypted data are separately stored and managed. A first storage device stores an encrypted data block, predetermined information and first management information. The predetermined information includes key data for decrypting the encrypted data block and includes a requirement for using the encrypted data block. The first management information is used to manage the encrypted data block and includes a first storage address at which the predetermined information is stored. A host device transfers the predetermined information from the first storage device to a second storage device, causes second management information including a second storage address, at which the transferred predetermined information is stored and which is included in the second storage device to be stored in the second storage device.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: A packet routing apparatus has a plurality of routing units, connected by a first connecting mechanism. The plurality of routing units comprise a first routing unit, connected to at least one port, and a second routing unit, connected to an extended function processor. The first routing unit transmits a packet, received from the port, to another first routing unit and/or a second routing unit. The second routing unit transmits the packet, received from the first connecting mechanism, to the extended function processor.

Abstract: A routing apparatus includes a plurality of routing units and function units. The routing unit receives a packet from each port, and uses header information contained in the packet to judge whether the packet should be transmitted to the function unit. In the case where the packet should be transmitted to the function unit, the routing unit adds a first identifier to the packet and transmits it to a transmission unit. The function unit receives the packet containing the first identifier from the transmission unit, and executes a predetermined processing for the packet. The function unit adds a second identifier to the packet and transmits it to the transmission unit.

Abstract: A user can watch desired content among a plurality of encrypted contents recorded in a storage apparatus having a large capacity recording medium when the user wants to watch. Usage Pass (UP) necessary for watching content and encrypted content are recorded in a rental storage apparatus. The UP is in an invalid state when the storage apparatus is rented, and processing for validating the corresponding UP is executed between the storage apparatus and a host apparatus through which content is watched to thereby make content watchable. A history that processing for validating the UP is executed is recorded in the storage apparatus. A service provider bills a content use fee to the user based on the history of the storage apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a simplified authentication transaction for reconnecting a storage device to a host apparatus that has completed authentication in the past. According to one embodiment, an authentication log is recorded in the host. Plural units of this log information are recorded in the storage device. At the time of transferring a content decryption key and usage rules between the host and the storage device, the decryption key and usage rules are recorded into the host as a log for the transfer. The used authentication log is recorded into the storage device as RAPDI. If RAPDI indicates the authentication log in the simplified authentication transaction, recovery transaction is permitted. The host device deletes/invalidates or holds the log for the transfer in accordance with non-permission/permission. In the case of permission, the key and usage rules are recovered by using a log for the transfer prior to the simplified authentication transaction.

Abstract: A rotation speed of a disk-type storage medium is suitably controlled in order to save power and to reduce noise in a disk-type storage medium driving apparatus provided with one or more communication interfaces. A disk-type storage medium driving apparatus that can switch rotation speed of a disk-type storage medium, to drive the disk-type storage medium, includes one or more communication interface units, which perform data transfer to and from peripheral devices; and a control unit that judges necessity of switching a rotation speed of the disk-type storage medium when there occurs a data transfer request through one of the communication interface units.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention ensure both a realtime nature of a realtime processing and data integrity of a non-realtime processing and perform the both processings efficiently when the realtime processing and the non-realtime processing are performed simultaneously. In one embodiment, a time limit is set not only for a realtime processing command but also for a non-realtime processing command and, if the execution of the non-realtime processing command is not completed within the set time limit, the execution of the non-realtime processing command is interrupted forcibly and a host is informed of a data transfer status at the time of the interruption so that the host can restart the interrupted processing based on the data transfer status of the interrupted processing when a time that can be allocated for the non-realtime processing command occurs again.