Abstract: A switch includes a plurality of port units, a tag attaching unit, a switching unit, and a tag removing unit. Each of the plurality of port units includes a port configured to receive a packet or transmit a packet. The tag attaching unit determines a sub-group identifier on the basis of an input port identifier for identifying an input port which has received an input packet and a group identifier included in the input packet for identifying a group of ports, and attaches a sub-group tag including the determined sub-group identifier to the input packet to acquire an augmented packet. The switching unit determines an output port for outputting the input packet on the basis of the determined sub-group identifier, the group identifier, and a destination address included in the augmented packet. The tag removing unit removes the attached sub-group tag from the augmented packet to acquire the input packet.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermally expandable base material for a vehicle interior, the method includes needling a web to produce a fiber mat. The web includes an inorganic fiber, a thermoplastic resin fiber, and a thermally expandable microcapsule. The fiber mat is heated to a temperature at which the thermoplastic resin fiber is melt and which is lower than a thermal expansion starting temperature of the thermally expandable microcapsule. The fiber mat is hot-pressed. The fiber mat is cooled.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the application, a relay apparatus includes a destination storage unit configured to store the information about a destination of a multicast packet in association with a multicast address; a determination unit configured to determine whether the destination of the multicast packet is a first physical machine on the basis of the destination information stored in the destination storage unit in a migration process in which a virtual machine operating on the first physical machine is migrated to a second physical machine; and an addition unit configured to add information about the second physical machine to the destination information in the destination storage unit, the destination information corresponding to the multicast address that indicates the destination of the first physical machine, if the determination unit determines that the destination of the multicast packet is the first physical machine.

Abstract: A packet relay apparatus identifies port information for identifying a port, included in a partition corresponding to a reception port having received a packet, from a partition information storing unit which stores a correspondence between port information for identifying ports included in the partition and partition information for identifying the partition configured for the apparatus. The apparatus determines whether the identified port information is included in the port information stored by being corresponded to reception VLAN information which is VLAN information set for a received packet by a VLAN information storing unit which is a storing unit storing a correspondence between port information for identifying a port used for transmission and/or reception of a packet transmitted and VLAN information for identifying the virtual network. The apparatus transmits the packet from a port determined to include the port information in response to the determination that the port information is included.

Abstract: In particular embodiments of the present invention, a method for bypassing an output queue structure of a switch is provided. In a particular embodiment, a method for bypassing an output queue structure of a switch includes receiving a packet at an input port of a switch, storing the packet in a memory of the switch, and generating a forwarding request associated with the stored packet and with a particular output port of the switch, the forwarding request identifying the location in the memory of the stored packet. The method also includes determining whether to cause the forwarding request to bypass an output queue structure associated with the particular output port. The method further includes, using the forwarding request, retrieving from the memory the packet associated with the forwarding request and sending the retrieved packet from the particular output port.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a thermally expandable base material for vehicle interior enabling production of an interior material for vehicle that is lightweight and has sufficient sound-absorbing properties, high stiffness and the like, and a method for producing a base material for vehicle interior. The present method for producing a thermally expandable base material for vehicle interior is characterized by comprising: mixing a synthetic resin emulsion, a thermally expandable microcapsule emulsion, and a resin-based adhesive emulsion; impregnating an inorganic fiber mat with the emulsion mixture; drying the mat at a temperature lower than a thermal expansion starting point of the thermally expandable microcapsule; heating the mat at a temperature at which a synthetic resin powder melts and which is lower than the thermal expansion starting point of the thermally expandable microcapsule; hot-pressing and cooling the mat.

Abstract: In particular embodiments of the present invention, a method for filtering packets in a switching environment is provided. In particular embodiments, the method includes receiving a packet at an input port of a switch, the switch comprising a memory and one or more output ports. The method also includes storing at least a portion of the packet in the memory and determining one or more output ports from which the packet is to be communicated from the switch. The method further includes, after beginning to determine one or more output ports from which the packet is to be communicated from the switch, determining whether the packet is an illegal packet. The method also includes, if the packet is an illegal packet, dropping the packet from the memory, and if the packet is a legal packet, communicating the packet from the determined one or more output ports.

Abstract: A switch which includes a plurality of ports, each being assigned to any of VLAN groups, and outputs a packet received at any of the ports, the switch include: recording means in which partition information and an address table are recorded, the partition information indicating which of extended VLAN groups into which the ports are further logically partitioned, and the address table containing an entry in which a destination address, an output port, a VLAN group, and an extended VLAN group are associated with each other; acquisition means for acquiring a source address and acquiring group information of a VLAN; identification means for identifying group information of an extended VLAN; and registration means for registering in the address table the source address acquired by the acquisition means as the destination address, the port, the group information of the VLAN, and group information of the extended VLAN group.

Abstract: To enable quick movement of communications among links in a link aggregation group, network element use a purge mechanism. A network element implementing the purge mechanism may disable distribution of additional frames to output queues associated with aggregated ports and potentially drop some or all frames from the output queues associated with aggregated ports. In conjunction with the dropping of frames, the network element may exchange one or more marker messages and marker responses with a remote network element. After receiving appropriate responses, the network element may restart distribution of frames to the affected ports.

Abstract: A system for managing shared memory resources in a high-speed switching environment includes a data memory logically divided into multiple blocks that correspond to multiple credits. The system includes a central agent that can maintain a pool of available credits that includes one or more of the credits. The central agent can also allocate a credit to an input port module from the pool of credits. The allocated credit indicates that the corresponding one of the blocks is available to the input port module. The system includes multiple input port modules that can each track allocated credits received from the central agent, receive a packet, determine whether enough of the allocated credits are available to write the packet to the data memory, and, if enough of the allocated credits are available, write the packet to one or more blocks corresponding to one or more of the allocated credits that are available.

Abstract: In a link aggregation group aggregating a number of ports of a network element, the network element may distribute frames among the ports using a distribution function that operates according to information in the received frames. The network element may apply one of several different distribution functions and, at appropriate times, change the selected distribution function to effect a different distribution of frames among the ports.

Abstract: Each transmission port module includes a plurality of queues in association with combinations of a priority and a VLAN number. An accumulated-amount storage unit stores a total size of packets accumulated in queues associated with the same priority. A threshold storage unit stores a threshold of a total packet accumulated amount for each queue. When a packet is received, whether to discard the packet is determined based on a total packet accumulated amount stored in the accumulated-amount storage unit in association with a priority set for the packet and the threshold stored in the threshold storage unit in association with a storage-destination queue of the packet.

Abstract: A packet storing unit stores relay instructions for received packets in different queues depending on priority and a VLAN number. DRR schedulers take out relay instructions from respective queues through a DRR technique. A priority control transmission scheduler transmits the packets to another apparatus according to the relay instructions in a descending order of priority.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe 1 having a circular cross section is connected to a circular cylindrical housing 2 which creates part of pipe conduit. The housing 2 forms a storage space 21 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the exhaust pipe 1 and connecting to the rear connection part 22. The connection part 22 is tapered toward the downstream exhaust pipe 12 and the diameter of the connection part 22 is gradually reduced and its opening is welded into the opening of the downstream exhaust pipe 12. And a cylindrical honeycomb catalyst carrier 3 is stored in the storage space 21 so that the outer surface of the catalyst carrier is in contact with the inner surface of the storage space 21. An expanded portion 23 having a diameter larger than the diameter of the storage space 21 is outwardly expanded from the outer circumference of the housing 2 and connectingly provided on the front face of the storage space 21.

Abstract: A system for multicasting in a high-speed switching environment includes a data memory logically divided into a plurality of blocks, a plurality of output ports, and a central agent. The central agent can determine whether all one or more output ports for a packet stored in one or more blocks have read the packet. Each block of the packet can be added to a pool of available blocks when a last one of the one or more output ports for the packet has read from the block.

Abstract: A system for multicasting in a high-speed switching environment includes multiple input ports and multiple output ports. Each output port is, according to a vector, allowed to forward multicast packets received by only a particular one or by particular ones of the input ports and can identify a multicast packet that has been received by one of the input ports, using the vector, determine whether the output port is allowed to forward the identified multicast packet, and, if the output port is allowed to forward the identified multicast packet, forward the identified multicast packet.

Abstract: In particular embodiments of the present invention, a method for filtering packets in a switching environment is provided. In particular embodiments, the method includes receiving a packet at an input port of a switch, the switch comprising a memory and one or more output ports. The method also includes storing at least a portion of the packet in the memory and determining one or more output ports from which the packet is to be communicated from the switch. The method further includes, after beginning to determine one or more output ports from which the packet is to be communicated from the switch, determining whether the packet is an illegal packet. The method also includes, if the packet is an illegal packet, dropping the packet from the memory, and if the packet is a legal packet, communicating the packet from the determined one or more output ports.

Abstract: A system for scheduling in a high-speed switching environment includes multiple output queues, multiple counters that each correspond to one of the output queues, and an output port. The output port can read packets from the output queues in a series of rounds. In each of the rounds, the output port can access at least one of the output queues, increment the counter corresponding to the output queue by a first amount, determine whether the counter corresponding to the output queue is at or above a particular level, and, if the counter is at or above the particular level, read one or more packets from the output queue that each have a length and decrement the counter by a second amount corresponding to the one or more lengths of the one or more read packets.

Abstract: In particular embodiments of the present invention, a method for bypassing an output queue structure of a switch is provided. In a particular embodiment, a method for bypassing an output queue structure of a switch includes receiving a packet at an input port of a switch, storing the packet in a memory of the switch, and generating a forwarding request associated with the stored packet and with a particular output port of the switch, the forwarding request identifying the location in the memory of the stored packet. The method also includes determining whether to cause the forwarding request to bypass an output queue structure associated with the particular output port. The method further includes, using the forwarding request, retrieving from the memory the packet associated with the forwarding request and sending the retrieved packet from the particular output port.

Abstract: In particular embodiments of the present invention, a method for switching is provided. In particular embodiments, the method includes receiving a packet at an input port of a switch, the packet associated with a virtual local area network identifier (VLAN ID) and a Media Access Control (MAC) address, the switch comprising a forwarding database and a plurality of output ports. The method also includes masking the VLAN ID to create a masked VLAN ID comprising fewer bits than the VLAN ID associated with the packet. The method further includes applying a function to the MAC address and the masked VLAN ID to generate an index, and, at the forwarding database, using the index to identify an output port of the switch. The method also includes transmitting the packet from the identified output port.