Abstract: A capacitor includes: a capacitor element; a pair of external electrodes provided at opposite ends of the capacitor element; and a pair of metal caps and or a metal foil, the pair of metal caps each covering a corresponding one of the pair of external electrodes, the metal foil covering at least part of the capacitor element.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanoassembly comprising anisotropically assembled gold nanoparticles in a monolayer double row immobilized on a glass layer is disclosed. The discrete gold nanoparticles are separated by interparticle gaps of 0.5-10 nm that provide hotsites where appropriate excitation creates surface plasmon resonaces and regions of strong and localized electromagnetic fields that enhance Raman signal substantially, 104-1015 fold. An appropriate SERS apparatus comprising the nanoassembly for detecting an analyte is also disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the nanoassembly as well as the application of the nanoassembly or the apparatus comprising the nanoassembly in a method for measuring the SERS signal of an analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanoassembly comprising anisotropically assembled gold nanoparticles in a monolayer double row immobilized on a glass layer is disclosed. The discrete gold nanoparticles are separated by interparticle gaps of 0.5-10 nm that provide hotsites where appropriate excitation creates surface plasmon resonaces and regions of strong and localized electromagnetic fields that enhance Raman signal substantially, 104-1015 fold. An appropriate SERS apparatus comprising the nanoassembly for detecting an analyte is also disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the nanoassembly as well as the application of the nanoassembly or the apparatus comprising the nanoassembly in a method for measuring the SERS signal of an analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanoassembly comprising anisotropically assembled gold nanoparticles in a monolayer double row immobilized on a glass layer is disclosed. The discrete gold nanoparticles are separated by interparticle gaps of 0.5-10 nm that provide hotsites where appropriate excitation creates surface plasmon resonaces and regions of strong and localized electromagnetic fields that enhance Raman signal substantially, 104-1015 fold. An appropriate SERS apparatus comprising the nanoassembly for detecting an analyte is also disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the nanoassembly as well as the application of the nanoassembly or the apparatus comprising the nanoassembly in a method for measuring the SERS signal of an analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: A power distribution monitoring and control device of an embodiment includes an acquirer and a representative sensor selector. The acquirer acquires a voltage measurement value measured by a plurality of sensors having a communication function installed in a power distribution system. The representative sensor selector selects one or more representative sensors in which the voltage measurement value has a high degree of similarity with that of other sensors installed in the power distribution area from one or more sensors installed in a power distribution area in the power distribution system by referring to the voltage measurement value acquired by the acquirer.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanoassembly comprising anisotropically assembled gold nanoparticles in a monolayer double row immobilized on a glass layer is disclosed. The discrete gold nanoparticles are separated by interparticle gaps of 0.5-10 nm that provide hotsites where appropriate excitation creates surface plasmon resonaces and regions of strong and localized electromagnetic fields that enhance Raman signal substantially, 104-1015 fold. An appropriate SERS apparatus comprising the nanoassembly for detecting an analyte is also disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the nanoassembly as well as the application of the nanoassembly or the apparatus comprising the nanoassembly in a method for measuring the SERS signal of an analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanoassembly comprising anisotropically assembled gold nanoparticles in a monolayer double row immobilized on a glass layer is disclosed. The discrete gold nanoparticles are separated by interparticle gaps of 0.5-10 nm that provide hotsites where appropriate excitation creates surface plasmon resonaces and regions of strong and localized electromagnetic fields that enhance Raman signal substantially, 104-1015 fold. An appropriate SERS apparatus comprising the nanoassembly for detecting an analyte is also disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the nanoassembly as well as the application of the nanoassembly or the apparatus comprising the nanoassembly in a method for measuring the SERS signal of an analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active nanoassembly comprising anisotropiccally assembled gold nanoparticles in a monolayer double row immobilized on a glass layer is disclosed. The discrete gold nanoparticles are separated by interparticle gaps of 0.5-10 nm that provide hotsites where appropriate excitation creates surface plasmon resonaces and regions of strong and localized electromagnetic fields that enhance Raman signal substantially, 104-1015 fold. An appropriate SERS apparatus comprising the nanoassembly for detecting an analyte is also disclosed. In addition, a method for producing the nanoassembly as well as the application of the nanoassembly or the apparatus comprising the nanoassembly in a method for measuring the SERS signal of an analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for measuring the concentration of advanced-oxidation active species includes a step of measuring the absorption characteristics of a wavelength region including the wavelength of 195 to 205 nm of a sample and a step of determining the concentration of the advanced-oxidation active species from the aforementioned measured absorption characteristics on the basis of the absorption coefficient of the advanced-oxidation active species in the wavelength region including the wavelength of 195 to 205 nm. The method and the apparatus can measure the concentration of the advanced-oxidation active species directly in line without the need for adding an additive.

Abstract: A method for measuring the concentration of advanced-oxidation active species includes a step of measuring the absorption characteristics of a wavelength region including the wavelength of 195 to 205 nm of a sample and a step of determining the concentration of the advanced-oxidation active species from the aforementioned measured absorption characteristics on the basis of the absorption coefficient of the advanced-oxidation active species in the wavelength region including the wavelength of 195 to 205 nm. The method and the apparatus can measure the concentration of the advanced-oxidation active species directly in line without the need for adding an additive.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electric power supply-and-demand control apparatus includes a measuring module which measures an output power characteristic of dispersed power sources arranged in various places in an electric power system. The electric power supply-and-demand control apparatus includes a determination module which determines based on the output power characteristic measured by the measuring module whether to set each of the dispersed power sources in various places as a dispatching object for an electric power supply-and-demand plan at a specific time on a specific date.

Abstract: A spectroscopic analyzer includes a first measurement section which measures a spectrum of near-infrared region by irradiating a sample with near-infrared light, a second measurement section which measures a spectrum of infrared region by irradiating the sample with infrared light, and an analysis section which analyzes characteristics of the sample using the spectra measured by the first and second measurement sections. The analysis section includes a first calculation module which acquires a integrated spectrum by combining the spectrum of near-infrared region and the spectrum of infrared region, a second calculation module which calculates a difference spectrum of a reference spectrum measured in advance and the integrated spectrum, and a third calculation module which calculates correlation between the spectrum of near-infrared region and the spectrum of infrared region by performing a two-dimensional correlation operation using the difference spectrum.

Abstract: An optical probe consists of a first component made of a first optical material having a light transmission property in the far ultraviolet region, and a second component made of a second optical material arranged in contact with the surface of the first component. For example, the second optical material has a higher refractive index in the far ultraviolet region than the first optical material. The second component is provided, on a side in contact with a sample, with a surface totally reflecting light having incident angle equal to or larger than the critical angle. Alternatively, an optical probe has an optical material having a light transmission property in the far ultraviolet region, having a surface totally reflecting a ray of light of incident angle equal to or larger than the critical angle, at a side in contact with a sample, and the refractive index is higher near the surface than at the other parts in the far ultraviolet region.

Abstract: An attenuated total reflection probe has a prism and a supporter. The prism is made of an optical material which transmits light in far ultraviolet region, and has a contact plane to be in contact with a sample, and an incoming plane and an outgoing plane both not to be in contact with the sample. The supporter has an opening and is connected hermetically with the prism around the opening and eventually exposes the contact plane facing the opening. The contact plane, the incoming plane and the outgoing plane of the prism are formed such that light transmitting the incoming plane enters the contact plane at an incident angle larger than critical angle and that the light totally reflected by the contact plane goes out through the outgoing plane.

Abstract: An optical probe consists of a first component made of a first optical material having a light transmission property in the far ultraviolet region, and a second component made of a second optical material arranged in contact with the surface of the first component. For example, the second optical material has a higher refractive index in the far ultraviolet region than the first optical material. The second component is provided, on a side in contact with a sample, with a surface totally reflecting light having incident angle equal to or larger than the critical angle. Alternatively, an optical probe has an optical material having a light transmission property in the far ultraviolet region, having a surface totally reflecting a ray of light of incident angle equal to or larger than the critical angle, at a side in contact with a sample, and the refractive index is higher near the surface than at the other parts in the far ultraviolet region.

Abstract: An attenuated total reflection probe has a prism and a supporter. The prism is made of an optical material which transmits light in far ultraviolet region, and has a contact plane to be in contact with a sample, and an incoming plane and an outgoing plane both not to be in contact with the sample. The supporter has an opening and is connected hermetically with the prism around the opening and eventually exposes the contact plane facing the opening. The contact plane, the incoming plane and the outgoing plane of the prism are formed such that light transmitting the incoming plane enters the contact plane at an incident angle larger than critical angle and that the light totally reflected by the contact plane goes out through the outgoing plane.

Abstract: An image-recording apparatus and image-recording process capable of suppressing mispositioning of recording of an image from an ideal position while correcting for mispositioning of the recording of the image in a case in which a recording medium is deformed to an arbitrary shape. When a wiring pattern is to be recorded on a PWB (printed wiring board) using raster data, deformation information representing a state of deformation of the PWB is acquired beforehand. On the basis of this deformation information, the raster data is converted such that the wiring pattern that is recorded will, after the deformation, have the same shape as the wiring pattern represented by the unconverted raster data. On the basis of the converted raster data, the wiring pattern is recorded at the PWB before the deformation.

Abstract: An excitation beam from a laser is passed through a bandpass filter, and applied to a sample by a collimator lens. An optical adjusting part comprising a camera lens and a converging lens is provided for receiving scattered light from the sample, so that the camera lens receives the scattered light and converts the same to a parallel beam. The converging lens has chromatic aberration, and receives and converges the parallel beam from the camera lens. An inlet slit of a spectroscope is provided as an inlet port on a converging position by the converging lens. This inlet slit is a circular hole having a diameter of about 200 .mu.m. The inlet slit is arranged on a position for converging anti-Stokes-Raman scattered light through the chromatic aberration of the converging lens.

Abstract: A Raman scattered light measuring apparatus comprises a near infrared semiconductor laser diode as a light source for irradiating a sample with excitation light, while a photoreceiving part for receiving Raman scattered light from the sample comprises a bandpass filter having a vibration wavenumber which is specific to a sample component to be measured as a central wavelength of its transmission region, and a detector consisting of a photodiode of Ge, InAs or InGaAs or a photomultiplier having sensitivity in a near infrared region for detecting Raman scattered light which is transmitted through the bandpass filter.