Abstract: A communication device calculates a signal travelling time indicating a time period from a first time at which the signal has been transmitted from the communication device, to a second time at which the transmitted signal is expected to arrive at another communication device serving as a communication partner. The communication device retransmits the signal to the another communication device when a retransmission request of the signal is received from the another communication device after the signal has been transmitted to the another communication device, and suspends a retransmission of the signal when the retransmission request is received again from the another communication device before the signal travelling time elapses from the first time.

Abstract: A communication system includes: a terminal apparatus; and a delivery control apparatus configured to deliver automatically electronic mail to the terminal apparatus without waiting for an acquisition request for the electronic mail from the terminal apparatus, when the delivery control apparatus is configured to receive the electronic mail, wherein the delivery control apparatus includes a mail delivery management unit configured to control to suspend or resume automatic delivery of the electronic mail according to a state of a delivery route of the electronic mail or an apparatus located on the delivery route from the delivery control apparatus to the terminal apparatus, and the terminal apparatus includes a reception unit configured to receive the automatically delivered electronic mail.

Abstract: A communication device calculates a signal travelling time indicating a time period from a first time at which the signal has been transmitted from the communication device, to a second time at which the transmitted signal is expected to arrive at another communication device serving as a communication partner. The communication device retransmits the signal to the another communication device when a retransmission request of the signal is received from the another communication device after the signal has been transmitted to the another communication device, and suspends a retransmission of the signal when the retransmission request is received again from the another communication device before the signal travelling time elapses from the first time.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device, comprising: a display unit configured to display at least one of a plurality of data files; an information providing unit configured to transmit, to a host computer, first information enabling a client device accessing the host computer to display information contained in the first information; a display switch unit configured to switch onscreen representation on the display unit between images corresponding to the plurality of data files; and a data changing unit configured to transmit, to the host computer, second information concerning an image corresponding to one of the plurality of data files currently displayed on the display unit in response to a fact that the onscreen representation on the display unit is switched.

Abstract: An image-forming device can include an image acquiring unit that acquires image data, an image forming unit that forms an image based on the image data, a determining unit that determines whether the image data includes a part having density greater than or equal to a prescribed density, and a controller. The image forming unit can include a developing roller, a supply roller for supplying developer to the developing roller, and a bias applying unit that applies first and second voltages between the developing roller and the supply roller in first and second modes, respectively. The controller can control the bias applying unit to apply one of the first and second voltages when the determining unit determines whether the image data includes the part having density greater than or equal to a prescribed density.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer of a photosensitive drum is charged and a surface of the photosensitive layer is exposed at a specified density and then a development bias is applied to a development roller. An absolute value of a detection voltage is obtained from a development current sensor. It is determined whether the obtained absolute value of the detection voltage is less than a threshold which is set in advance, whereby a determination is made as to whether the charging property of toner is degraded.

Abstract: An image-forming device can include an image acquiring unit that acquires image data, an image forming unit that forms an image based on the image data, a determining unit that determines whether the image data includes a part having density greater than or equal to a prescribed density, and a controller. The image forming unit can include a developing roller, a supply roller for supplying developer to the developing roller, and a bias applying unit that applies first and second voltages between the developing roller and the supply roller in first and second modes, respectively. The controller can control the bias applying unit to apply one of the first and second voltages when the determining unit determines whether the image data includes the part having density greater than or equal to a prescribed density.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes an image acquiring unit, an image forming unit, a determining unit, and a controller. The image acquiring unit acquires image data for one page. The image forming unit forms an image based on the image data. The image forming unit includes a developing roller, a supply roller, and a bias applying unit. The developing roller carries a developer. The supply roller supplies the developer to the developing roller. The bias applying unit applies a first voltage between the developing roller and the supply roller in a first mode, and applies a second voltage between the developing roller and the supply roller in a second mode. The determining unit determines whether the image data includes a part having density greater than or equal to a prescribed density.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit that forms an image by forming an electrostatic latent image on an image carrying body, developing the electrostatic latent image by sticking a developer on the image carrying body, and transferring the developer to a recording subject medium; a suspension time calculating unit that calculates a suspension time for which image formation by the image forming unit is suspended; and a correction amount calculating unit that calculates a correction amount for an image formation condition of the image forming unit based on the suspension time calculated by the suspension time calculating unit.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes an image acquiring unit, an image forming unit, a determining unit, and a controller. The image acquiring unit acquires image data for one page. The image forming unit forms an image based on the image data. The image forming unit includes a developing roller, a supply roller, and a bias applying unit. The developing roller carries a developer. The supply roller supplies the developer to the developing roller. The bias applying unit applies a first voltage between the developing roller and the supply roller in a first mode, and applies a second voltage between the developing roller and the supply roller in a second mode. The determining unit determines whether the image data includes a part having density greater than or equal to a prescribed density.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device, comprising: a display unit configured to display at least one of a plurality of data files; an information providing unit configured to transmit, to a host computer, first information enabling a client device accessing the host computer to display information contained in the first information; a display switch unit configured to switch onscreen representation on the display unit between images corresponding to the plurality of data files; and a data changing unit configured to transmit, to the host computer, second information concerning an image corresponding to one of the plurality of data files currently displayed on the display unit in response to a fact that the onscreen representation on the display unit is switched.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image having proper density regardless of changes in a charged amount of developer per unit mass is provided. When image data is received in a laser printer, a main motor is driven to rotate a photosensitive drum, etc., and charging bias is applied to a charger to charge the photosensitive drum. Then, paper is fed. Predetermined current detection developing bias is applied to a developing roller for a predetermined period of time. A current value of a developing current during the application is detected. Developing bias applied to the developing roller is calculated so as to keep constant density in the printed image. Particularly, a charged amount of toner per unit mass (Q/M) is calculated from the detected current value. Based on the Q/M, the developing bias is calculated. A print process is performed by applying the developing bias to the developing roller.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer of a photosensitive drum is charged and a surface of the photosensitive layer is exposed at a specified density and then a development bias is applied to a development roller. An absolute value of a detection voltage is obtained from a development current sensor. It is determined whether the obtained absolute value of the detection voltage is less than a threshold which is set in advance, whereby a determination is made as to whether the charging property of toner is degraded.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit that forms an image by forming an electrostatic latent image on an image carrying body, developing the electrostatic latent image by sticking a developer on the image carrying body, and transferring the developer to a recording subject medium; a suspension time calculating unit that calculates a suspension time for which image formation by the image forming unit is suspended; and a correction amount calculating unit that calculates a correction amount for an image formation condition of the image forming unit based on the suspension time calculated by the suspension time calculating unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image having proper density regardless of changes in a charged amount of developer per unit mass is provided. When image data is received in a laser printer, a main motor is driven to rotate a photosensitive drum, etc., and charging bias is applied to a charger to charge the photosensitive drum. Then, paper is fed. Predetermined current detection developing bias is applied to a developing roller for a predetermined period of time. A current value of a developing current during the application is detected. Developing bias applied to the developing roller is calculated so as to keep constant density in the printed image. Particularly, a charged amount of toner per unit mass (Q/M) is calculated from the detected current value. Based on the Q/M, the developing bias is calculated. A print process is performed by applying the developing bias to the developing roller.

Abstract: In a processing chamber of an etching apparatus a lower electrode and an upper electrode grounded through a processing container are disposed oppositely to each other. A first high frequency power supply section composed of a first filter, a first matching device, and a first power source, and a second high frequency power supply section composed of a second filter, a second matching device, and a second power source are connected to the lower electrode. A superimposed power of two frequencies composed of a first high frequency power component of at least 10 MHz produced from the first power source and a second high frequency power component of at least 2 MHz produced from the second power source is applied to the lower electrode. Ions in the plasma do not accelerated by changes of electric field in the processing chamber, but are accelerated by a self-bias voltage and collide only against a wafer on the lower electrode.

Abstract: In a processing chamber of an etching apparatus a lower electrode and an upper electrode grounded through a processing container are disposed oppositely to each other. A first high frequency power supply section composed of a first filter, a first matching device, and a first power source, and a second high frequency power supply section composed of a second filter, a second matching device, and a second power source are connected to the lower electrode. A superimposed power of two frequencies composed of a first high frequency power component of at least 10 MHz produced from the first power source and a second high frequency power component of at least 2 MHz produced from the second power source is applied to the lower electrode. Ions in the plasma do not accelerated by changes of electric field in the processing chamber, but are accelerated by a self-bias voltage and collide only against a wafer on the lower electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device manufacturing method that comprises a first step of loading a processed substrate in a reaction chamber, a second step of introducing a reaction gas into the reaction chamber at a predetermined flow rate, a third step of maintaining an interior of the reaction chamber at a predetermined pressure, a fourth step of starting generation of plasma by supplying a high frequency power to an electrode arranged in the reaction chamber, a fifth step of applying a predetermined process to the processed substrate, and a sixth step of stopping generation of the plasma by stopping supply of the high frequency power after the predetermined process is completed, wherein the reaction gas is introduced continuously when the generation of the plasma is stopped.

Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method comprises the steps of placing a substrate to be processed on an electrostatic chuck on a substrate stand in a process chamber, and applying a negative voltage to the electrostatic chuck. After applying the negative voltage, the substrate is stuck onto the electrostatic chuck, a process gas is introduced into the process chamber, discharge plasma is generated, and the substrate is processed as predetermined.

Abstract: A semiconductor processing apparatus includes a load chamber, an unload chamber, a common transfer chamber, a first process chamber, and a second process chamber, which are connected via gate valves. The load and unload chambers are connected to a first vacuum-exhaust mechanism including a common dry pump. The common transfer chamber is connected to a second vacuum-exhaust mechanism including a dry pump. The first and second processes chambers are connected to a third vacuum-exhaust mechanism including a common dry pump, and first and second turbo molecular pumps. The processing apparatus includes a controller which can drive and stop the dry pumps independently of each other in coordination with open/closed switching of the gate valves, while keeping the turbo molecular pumps driven.