Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material giving nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary batteries superior in cycle characteristics. The positive electrode active material according to the present invention includes a lithium-containing composite metal oxide having the composition represented by the following General Formula (1): LizFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4 ??(1) (wherein M is at least one metal element selected from Zr, Sn, Y, and Al, 0.05<x<1, and 0.05<y<1), characterized in that: the positive electrode active material is in the single crystalline phase of the lithium-containing composite oxide represented by General Formula (1) when 1>z>0.9 to 0.75 or 0.25 to 0.1>z>0; the positive electrode active material has two crystalline phases of the lithium-containing composite oxides represented by the following General Formulae (2) and (3) when 0.9 to 0.75>z>0.25 to 0.1: LiaFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4 ??(2) (wherein 0.75 to 0.9?a?1.00, 0.05<x<1, and 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by general formula (1) below, the method at least including a step of preparing a solution by dissolving a lithium source, an element M source, a phosphorus source, and an element X source that serve as source materials in a solvent, the phosphorus source being added after at least the element M source is dissolved; a step of gelating the resulting solution; and a step of calcining the resulting gel: LixMyP1-zXzO4??(1) (where M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn, Zr, Sn, Al, and Y; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si and Al; and 0<x?2, 0.8?y?1.2, 0?z?1). According to the present invention, a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries that offers high safety and high cost efficiency and are capable of extending battery life can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.

Abstract: A method of producing a positive electrode active material, comprising the steps of: preparing a solution by dissolving, in a solvent, respective predetermined amounts of a lithium source, a M source, a phosphorus source and a X source necessary for forming a positive electrode active material represented by the following general formula (1) having an olivine structure; gelating the obtained solution by addition of a cyclic ether; and calcinating the generated gel to obtain a carbon-coated lithium-containing composite oxide, wherein the positive electrode active material is represented by the general formula (1): LixMyP1-zXzO4??(1) wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn, Zr, Sn, Al and Y, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Si and Al, and 0<x?2, 0.8?y?1.2, 0?z?1.

Abstract: A cathode active material of the present invention is a cathode active material having a composition represented by General Formula (1) below, LiFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4??(1), where: an average valence of Fe is +2 or more; M is an element having a valence of +2 or more and is at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Y, and Al; the valence of M is different from the average valence of Fe; 0<x?0.5; and y=x×({valence of M}?2)+(1?x)×({average valence of Fe}?2). This provides a cathode active material that not only excels in terms of safety and cost but also can provide a long-life battery.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.

Abstract: A positive electrode active substance comprising a lithium-containing metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): LiFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4??(1) wherein M represents an element selected from group III to group XIV; 0<x<1; and 0<y<1, having a volume of a unit lattice of 291.4 to 300.0 ?3 or 285.0 to 291.0 ?3, and having a half value width of a diffraction peak of a (011) surface of 0.30° or more.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device according to embodiments includes a semiconductor substrate and plural switching transistors provided on the semiconductor substrate. In the semiconductor memory device, a contact plug is embedded between adjacent two of the switching transistors, and is insulated from gates of the adjacent two switching transistors. The contact plug is also electrically connected to a source or a drain of each of the adjacent two switching transistors, and an upper surface of the contact plug is at a position higher than an upper surface of the switching transistors. A memory element is provided on the upper surface of the contact plug and stores data. A wiring is provided on the memory element.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a semiconductor substrate, and plural switching transistors provided on the semiconductor substrate. A contact plug is embedded between the adjacent two switching transistors described above, is insulated from gates of the adjacent two switching transistors, and is electrically connected to diffusion layers of the adjacent two switching transistors. An upper connector is formed on the contact plug, and an upper surface is at a position higher than upper surfaces of the switching transistors. A memory element is provided on the upper surface of the upper connector, and stores data. A wiring is provided on the memory element.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.

Abstract: A cathodic active material according to the present invention has a composition represented by general formula (1): Li(1-a)AaFe(1-x-b)M(x-c)P(1-y)SiyO4??(1), where A is at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Fe, and M; Fe has an average valence of +2 or more; M is an element having a valence of +2 or more and at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Y, and Al, the average valence of M being different from the average valence of Fe; 0<a?0.125; a=b+c+d, where b is the number of moles of Fe in A, c is the number of moles of M in A, and d is the total number of moles of Na and K in A; 0<x?0.5; and 0<y?0.5. This makes it possible to realize a cathodic active material that not only excels in terms of safety and cost but also can provide a long-life battery.

Abstract: The present invention allows production of a battery which not only excels in terms of safety and cost, but also has a long life. A cathode active material of the present invention is represented by the following General Formula (1): LiyKaFe1-xXxPO4??(1), where X is at least one element of groups 2 through 13; 0<a?0.25; 0?x?0.25; and y is (1?a), a volume of a unit lattice for a case in which y in General Formula (1) is (x?a) (when x?a<0, y is 0) having a change ratio of not more than 4% with respect to a volume of a unit lattice for a case in which y in General Formula (1) is (1?a).

Abstract: The present invention realizes a cathode active material which not only excels in safety and cost but also makes it possible to provide a long-life battery. The cathode active material is represented by the general formula (1): Li1-xAxFe1-yMyP1-zAlzO4??(1) wherein A is at least one selected from the elements of groups 1 through 13; M is at least one selected from the elements of groups 2 through 14; and 0?x?0.25, 0?y?0.25, 0<z?0.25, and x+y>0.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and structures and methods of use thereof in electrochemical actuation. This invention provides electrochemical actuators, which are based, inter-alia, on an electric field-driven intercalation or alloying of high-modulus inorganic compounds, which can produce large and reversible volume changes, providing high actuation energy density, high actuation authority and large free strain.