Abstract: Apparatus for producing alkali hydroxide and method for operating apparatus for producing alkali hydroxide are provided. A cooling chamber through which a coolant can pass is constructed by placing a separation wall in a cathode chamber on a side opposite to an ion-exchange membrane, and a flow rate adjuster, such as manual valves, which can adjust the supply flow rate of the coolant is placed in each unit cell. The electrolytic temperature of each unit cell is regulated at an optimum operating temperature depending on the current density by adjusting the flow rate of the coolant without individually adjusting the flow rate of salt water supplied to the unit cell or the concentration of the salt water.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a support member and a mount member mounting on the support member. The support member and the mount member are sealed by a resin member. The support member includes a surface having a laser irradiation mark. The mount member includes a surface having a rough portion with an accumulation of material of the support member.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a support member and a mount member mounting on the support member. The support member and the mount member are sealed by a resin member. The support member includes a surface having a laser irradiation mark. The mount member includes a surface having a rough portion with an accumulation of material of the support member.

Abstract: A friction material suitable for mating with a disk rotor or drum consisting mainly of an aluminum alloy reinforced by a hard material. The friction material suppresses the generation of a scoring on the disk rotor or drum. It also suppresses the change in the coefficient of friction before and after a heat history. The friction material comprises not only an organic-fiber base material, a binder resin, a friction-adjusting agent, a filler, and an inorganic powder, but also an inorganic fiber and a metal powder having a particle diameter of 1 to 180 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A friction material suitable for mating with a disk rotor or drum consisting mainly of an aluminum alloy reinforced by a hard material. The friction material suppresses the generation of a scoring on the disk rotor or drum. It also suppresses the change in the coefficient of friction before and after a heat history. The friction material comprises not only an organic-fiber base material, a binder resin, a friction-adjusting agent, a filler, and an inorganic powder, but also an inorganic fiber and a metal powder having a particle diameter of 1 to 180 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A copper series sintered friction material is provided including a foundation constituted by copper alloy powder and containing hard phases and solid lubricant components dispersed uniformly, and exhibits a friction coefficient of 0.3 or more stably without seizure when the sintered friction material frictionally slides against titanium or a titanium alloy in the atmosphere, the foundation containing at least one additive element selected from Zn, Ni, Al, Fe, and Mo.

Abstract: A sintered friction material especially suitable for use in a braking system has a matrix of a copper-system metal such as copper, tin, nickel and aluminum, and contains a specific additive, graphite and potassium titanate as friction conditioners. The specific additive consists of at least one material selected from a group consisting of zirconium oxide, silica, dolomite, orthoclase and magnesium oxide. The specific additive, the graphite and the potassium titanate are preferably blended in volume ratios of 1 to 15%, 10 to 50% and 5 to 30% respectively. The form of the potassium titanate is at least one of whiskery, platy and spherical forms and preferably plate-like or spherical. The sintered friction material has good abrasion resistance, low abrasion of the counterpart, a high friction coefficient, excellent material strength, good chattering resistance, and good squealing resistance.

Abstract: A sintered friction material having excellent high-temperature strength, heat-resistance, abrasion-resistance and .mu. characteristic, and capable of maintaining high friction coefficient stably is provided. The sintered friction material contains a foundation of titanium and/or titanium alloy powder, a solid lubricant and a fiber of hard material. The sintered friction material having the foundation of titanium and/or titanium alloy powder as the base is lined and joined onto a holder plate to form a friction pad suitable for use with a brake rotor made of titanium or titanium alloy.

Abstract: A method of forming a disk brake pad having a friction member composed of a bonding layer having a low porosity and a matrix layer having a high porosity and laminated on the bonding layer. The method does not require a pre-forming step. A material formed by pelletizing a mixture of components for the friction member and a non-pelletized material are fed one after the other into a cavity defined by a mold and a back plate. Also, since the pelletized material is compacted beforehand, the bonding layer formed from the pelletized material exhibits a sufficiently low porosity, so that the bonding layer can prevent moisture from infiltrating therethrough. Thus, the back plate is less likely to develop rust. Also, the bonding strength between the back plate and the bonding layer is improved. Further, since pelletized material forming the bonding layer penetrates into the matrix layer in a complicated manner, the bond strength between the bonding layer and the matrix is also improved.

Abstract: A friction material is so manufactured that a hygienic environment can be maintained while simultaneously reducing the brake noise without reducing the friction coefficient of the brake pads made of the present material. The friction material is granulated or agglomerated by a first binder which binds one or more inorganic substances having a plane netlike crystal structure into granules which are deformed so that the particles have a flat particle orientation in the resulting granules. The flat particle orientation is achieved by the application pressure and/or heat during the formation. The granules are then embedded in a second binder forming a fibrous matrix for forming the brake pad material. The inorganic substance or substances forming the particles having the plane netlike crystal structure, promote a microseparation in the friction surface in response to the application of a brake force. The microseparation effectively prevents brake noise.

Abstract: A friction material for making brake pads or brake disks is formed by mixing metallic fiber and/or aramid fibers as a main component, a filler material and a binder agent for binding the main component and the filler. The metallic fiber includes at least copper fibers and/or copper alloy fibers. The filler includes one or more inorganic substances having a plane netlike crystal structure. The inorganic substances having the plane netlike crystal structure include mica, talc, vermiculite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, agalmatolite, kaolin, chlorite, sericite, iron hydroxide, and montmorillonite.

Abstract: A friction brake of a type which comprises at least one friction element and a counter-friction element frictionally engageable with the friction element. One of the friction and counter-friction elements is made of carbon and the other of the friction and counter-friction elements is comprised of at least two first and second portions both engageable simultaneously with such one of the friction and counter-friction elements during a braking operation. The first portion of such other of the friction and counter-friction elements is made of the same carbon material and the second portion thereof is made of ferrous material.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon fiber reinforced carbon material comprisingadhering carbonaceous fine powder to a resinous carrier which can be ionized in a liquid,dispersing the carrier carrying the carbonaceous fine powder in a liquid,placing a carbon fiber substrate and an opposite electrode in the formed dispersion,applying DC voltage between the substrate and the opposite electrode to deposit the carrier carrying the carbonaceous fine powder on the substrate by electrophoresis,heating and/or drying the carbon fiber-carbonaceous fine powder-carrier complex, andcalcining the complex to form carbon fiber reinforced carbon material.