Abstract: An X-ray analyzing apparatus according to the invention includes an excitation ray generator for applying an excitation ray onto a sample, and an X-ray detector which is sealed in a vacuum container along with a cooling device; a first X-ray passing layer, where a first gas exists, is provided in a path through which the characteristic X-ray generated from the sample travels to the X-ray detector; X-ray transmission windows are provided on the first X-ray passing layer and on the vacuum container so as that the characteristic X-ray can reach to the X-ray detector through the windows; the first and second X-ray transmission windows are separated from each other so as to provide a second X-ray passing layer therebetween; and the second X-ray passing layer is arranged to be a vacuum or a second gas is circulated through the second X-ray passing layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the Sulfur component contained in oil includes an X-ray tube having a target made of Titanium or Scandium, a filter made of Titanium or Scandium for filtering said X-ray radiated from the X-ray tube, a measurement cell for introducing a sample to be measured therein, and a detector for detecting fluorescent X-rays radiated from the sample. According to the invention, the X-ray tube has a target made of Titanium or Scandium and the X-rays generated from the X-ray tube are filtered by the filter, which is made of Titanium or Scandium, so that the background of the X-rays for the measurement against the fluorescent X-rays of the Sulfur is reduced and therefore even a small amount of Sulfur contained in the sample can be correctly detected.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for forming a multilayer film, which comprises: applying a cationic electrocoating (A) and an intermediate coating (B) in this order, followed by heat-curing, applying thereon a coloring base coating (C) capable of forming a colored film having a value of N 7 to N 9 in Munsell's color system, applying, without curing the coloring base coating (C) applied above, an iridescent base coating (D) containing a scaly mica powder coated with titanium oxide, followed by preliminary drying at 50.degree.-100.degree. C., and applying a clear coating (E), followed by heating to subject the films of the coatings (C), (D) and (E) simultaneously to crosslinking and curing, wherein the coloring base coating (C) and the iridescent base coating (D) are each a thermosetting aqueous coating containing, as vehicle components, an acrylic resin emulsion (a), a urethane resin emulsion (b) and a crosslinking agent (c).