Abstract: A rolling method and machine provides for decreasing the rolling load of work rolls of a rolling mill for a given reduction ratio achieved thereby. A pair of pinch rolls upstream of the work rolls have projections that form a large number of recesses in one or both surfaces of a metal workpiece. A lubricating agent is forced into the recesses in the region of contact between the workpiece and the work rolls. As a result, when the workpiece is rolled by the work rolls the lubricating agent is retained in the recesses such that the recesses progressively are flattened, thereby causing the lubricating agent to form a boundary film between the portion of the workpiece being rolled and the work rolls. The recesses are controlled to regulate the dimension of the length of each recess in the direction of rolling of the workpiece, to regulate the inclination of front and rear walls of each recess, and to regulate the total area of the recesses relative to the total surface area of the workpiece.

Abstract: A drum type shear includes a pair of rotatable drums, each drum including a shearing blade. The circumferential velocity of the outer edge of a first blade is greater than the circumferential velocity of the outer edge of a second blade, such that upon rotation of the drums with a workpiece passing therebetween, after the workpiece has been initially bitten between the blades, shearing of the workpiece is completed while the outer edge of the first blade overtakes the outer edge of the second blade.

Abstract: Upon roll-forming an end plate of hemispherical and other cup-like or dish-like configurations, a raw material disc is placed between outer die means consisting of a top outer forming die that can be vertically moved by a drive source and can be freely rotated and at least a pair of left and right outer forming rolls adapted to move along predetermined moving paths and inner die means consisting of a top inner forming die held at a predetermined position that can be driven in rotation by a drive source, and a middle inner forming roll a bottom inner roll both of which are freely rotatable, the outer die means is depressed against the inner die means, and said pair of outer forming rolls are moved along said moving paths so as to press said raw material disc against the middle inner forming roll and the bottom inner forming roll, respectively, one of said outer forming rolls being moved within an effective forming range of the middle inner forming roll, while the other being moved within an effective forming r