Abstract: The invention is directed to provide a rolling method which enables an enlarged range of reduction ratio in sizing-rolling in the common drive system. The invention provides that when tension applied to rolled material between the upstream and downstream-placed mills is made higher than a value that tension/average resistance to deformation of rolled material is 0.2, the upstream-placed mill is caused to perform force rolling, and when compressive force of the rolled material is made higher than a value that compressive force/average resistance to deformation of rolled material is 0.1, the downstream-placed mill together with the upstream-placed mill are caused to perform tensile rolling in the common drive system. The rolling methods provides a stable rolling in a larger sizing range without decrease of diameter or buckling of rolled material.

Abstract: A self-photographing method for an autofocus camera, wherein, upon depression of a shutter release button, the subject distance data are detected a plurality of times at periodic intervals, and a predetermined exposure operation, that is, an actual shutter release operation is automatically executed using the autofocus system when the detected subject distance data have changed from each other. The distance data are repeatedly detected and compared with each other until these distance data differ from each other. If the distance data have been equal for a predetermined time interval from the shutter release button depression, then the actual shutter release operation is executed, or is called off and the self-photographing is terminated. It is preferred that the detected change of distance be a decrease of distance, indicating that the photographer has stepped into the picture, whereupon the measured distance becomes his distance in place of the background distance.

Abstract: Rotaton of a steering wheel is transmitted to a steering ratio changing mechanism which displaces an output displacement member according to the steering wheel turning angle to obtain a desired steering ratio. A displacment transmission member transmits the displacement of the output displacement member to a valve member of a hydraulic switching valve and a wheel turning rod is displaced under the force of a hydraulic power cylinder in response to displacement of the valve member.

Abstract: An illuminating system for a photocopier utilizing plural lamps. The photocopier utilizes a single slit system with a single photoconductive element. A reflector carries a plurality of pairs of lamps along the longitudinal direction of the reflector. The corresponding lamps of each pair are connected in two lamp circuits which are separately controlled. the controller controls each circuit to be either off or have a controlled voltage applied to the circuit, where the voltage is variable in a number of steps.

Abstract: A camera having a viewfinder and a taking lens changeable in focal length between at least two different focal lengths: a relatively short focal length suitable for wide-angle photography and a relatively long focal length suitable for telephotography and that allows close-up photography when the taking lens is changed to have the long focal length. The viewfinder has at least one movable lens which is axially moved and shifted away from the optical axis of the finder with respect to the axis of the taking lens when the taking lens is changed in focal length, to deflect the optical axis of the finder in order to cancel parallax error, depending on object distance.

Abstract: A slit exposure type illuminating device mainly applicable to a color electrophotographic copier and using a plurality of lamps includes a single reflector which is provided with a plurality of openings for inserting the lamps. The lamps are arranged in an array along the length of the reflector. One of the lamps is positioned on an optical axis which extends through the center of the reflector with respect to the lengthwise direction of the reflector. The lamps are divided into a first and a second lamp groups in each of which they are arranged symmetrically with respect to the optical axis and individually spaced by predetermined distances from the optical axis. Current is fed either independently or simultaneously to the two different lamp groups. The openings of the reflector are each so adjustable in position and dimension as to prevent the bulb of each lamp from intercepting light.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a latent image carrier for carrying an electrostatic latent image formed thereon. The electrostatic latent image is developed into a visible image which is transferred from the latent image carrier onto a transfer sheet in an image transfer region. The transfer sheet is held on a drum-shaped or a belt-shaped holder with the leading end clamped by a clamp. For efficient image formation, the holder is accelerated and decelerated while the transfer sheet is out of the image transfer region. When the transfer sheet with the transferred image thereon is sent to an image fixing device, the holder is accelerated and decelerated during an interval after the trailing end of the transfer sheet has left the image transfer region and before the leading end of the transfer sheet reaches the image fixing device. After the holder has been accelerated and decelerated, it is positionally adjusted when required.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic copier, while a document is transported toward a predetermined position on a glass platen, its lateral dislocation and skew with respect to a document transport path as well as an amount of the dislocation and a direction of the skew are commonly sensed by a single sensor. The single sensor is positioned adjacent to one of laterally opposite ends of the transport path and has sensing surface of a predetermined area. While the document moves past the sensing surface of the sensor, the sensor generates a signal which corresponds to an area of the sensing surface which is occupied by the sheet.

Abstract: Bars and wire rods are rolled from billets or blooms in the disclosed process which includes a primary rolling step resulting in an intermediate material, a secondary rolling step and a heat treatment. The primary (first) rolling step includes rolling the billet or bloom steel material into an intermediate material at a mass flow rate to enable it to be maintained during the primary rolling within a temperature range corresponding to a predetermined deformation resistance level of the steel material. This predetermined deformation resistance level is selected so as to take advantage of an opportunity to save energy. The intermediate material resulting from primary rolling is coiled and its temperature is adjusted so as to maintain the intermediate material at a desired starting temperature for the secondary rolling step.

Abstract: A thallium-containing optical glass composition which contains the following oxides in the indicated proportions in mole %:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 35-80 Tl.sub.2 O 4-26 Tl.sub.2 O + R.sub.2 O 8-42 (in which R is an alkali metal) ZnO 6-26 ZrO.sub.2 0-2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-8 SnO and/or SnO.sub.2 0-5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-less than 10 ______________________________________and satisfies the following relations:O.ltoreq.K.sub.2 O.ltoreq.104.ltoreq.Na.sub.2 O+Li.sub.2 O.ltoreq.260.1.ltoreq.ZrO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +SnO and/or SnO.sub.2 .ltoreq.

Abstract: A thallium-containing optical glass composition which comprises the following oxides in the indicated proportions in mole %: SiO.sub.2 35-80, Tl.sub.2 O 1-30, Tl.sub.2 O+R.sub.2 O (R being an alkali metal) 1-35, ZnO 0-35, GeO.sub.2 0-30, BaO 0-25, TiO.sub.2 0-20, MgO 0-20, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-less than 10, ZrO.sub.2 0-2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-8, SnO 0-5, CaO 0-10, SrO 0-10, PbO 0-10, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-8, and Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-2, and satisfies the following relations:5.ltoreq.ZnO+GeO.sub.2 +BaO+TiO.sub.2 +MgO+B.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.40,0.1.ltoreq.ZrO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +SnO.ltoreq.8,and0.ltoreq.CaO+SrO+PbO+La.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 .ltoreq.10.

Abstract: A stabilized polyphenylene sulfide is provided which comprises a recurring unit ##STR1## wherein the average n between foreign units is greater than about 5, and about 0.05 to 10 mole % per phenylene sulfide unit of an aromatic constituent chemically bonded with said polyphenylene sulfide chain, said aromatic constituent containing an electron attractive group selected from the group consisting of --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --NO.sub.2, --SO.sub.3 R, --COOR, wherein R is H, lower aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alkaline metals, and --CONH--, and said stabilized polyphenylene sulfide has a melting point in the range of about 250.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. Also provided is a method for preparing stabilized polyphenylene sulfide comprising preparing a polyphenylene sulfide consisting mainly of a recurring unit ##STR2## wherein the degree of polymerization of said recurring unit is greater than about 20, and reacting said polyphenylene sulfide with about 0.

Abstract: A cesium-containing optical glass comprising, by weight, 32-56% of SiO.sub.2, 6-25% of K.sub.2 O, 6-32% of Cs.sub.2 O, 0-30% of BaO, 0-2.5% of MgO, 5-34% of ZnO, 0-3% of ZrO.sub.2 and 0-5% of SnO.sub.2, provided that the total proportion of BaO, MgO and ZnO is 8-40% and the total proportion of ZrO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 is 0.2-6%. When this cesium-containing optical glass is treated in a molten bath containing potassium nitrate, the cesium ion in the glass is easily exchanged with a potassium ion and therefore, the cesium ion concentration gradually decreases radially outwardly from the central axis and the potassium ion concentration gradually increases in that direction. Thus, there is obtained a light converge-type lens in which the refractive index gradually decreases in the same direction.

Abstract: An automatic power shut-off circuit for a wide variety of electrical appliances, such as hand-held hair dryers, razors, irons, hair curlers, etc. which pose a risk of electrocution when used around water. Thus, said circuit avoids the risk of dangerous shocks or even death, if the appliance should fall into a tub of water in which someone is bathing or if someone reaches or steps into water containing a plugged-in appliance, regardless of whether the switch of the appliance is on or off.

Abstract: The present invention provides a converging light transmitting glass body whose refractive index gradually changes from its central portion to its surface in a direction transverse to a path of light, said glass body containing at least three cations constituting modifying oxides of the glass, a first and a second cation among said cations showing concentration changes of converse gradients from its central portion toward its peripheral surface, and a third cation showing no substantial concentration change at the central portion of the glass body but showing a substantial continuous concentration charge outwardly thereof toward its peripheral surface.

Abstract: A stabilized polyphenylene sulfide is provided which comprises a recurring unit ##STR1## wherein the average n between foreign units is greater than about 5, and about 0.05 to about 10 mole % per phenylene sulfide unit of an aromatic constituent chemically bonded with said polyphenylene sulfide chain, said aromatic constituent containing an electron attractive group selected from the group consisting of --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --NO.sub.2, --SO.sub.3 R, --COOR, wherein R is H, lower aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups or alkaline metals, and --CONH--, and said stabilized polyphenylene sulfide has a melting point in the range of about 250.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. Also provided is a method for preparing stabilized polyphenylene sulfide comprising preparing a polyphenylene sulfide consisting mainly of a recurring unit ##STR2## wherein the degree of polymerization of said recurring unit is greater than about 20, and reacting said polyphenylene sulfide with about 0.

Abstract: A sheet-like material and a printed circuit board comprised of the sheet-like material with a metallic film laminated thereon are provided wherein the sheet-like material is comprised of a composition mainly consisting of high molecular weight poly p-phenylenesulfide, characterized in that:a. the amount of related materials extracted through chloroform extraction of the poly p-phenylenesulfide containing related materials is less than 1.5 wt % of the entire weight of said poly p-phenylenesulfide prior to said extraction, andb. as measured by wide angle X-ray diffraction,(i) the index of crystallinity of said poly p-phenylenesulfide is in the range of above 2.5 and below 8.0,(ii) the crystallite size of said poly p-phenylenesulfide is in the range of above 50 A and below 100 A, and(iii) the orientation factors of said poly p-phenylenesulfide, measured in three directions comprising through the sample, edgewise and endwise, are above 0.70, as measured by wide angle x-ray diffraction.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented poly-p-phenylene sulfide film comprising recurring units of the formula ##STR1## a melt viscosity of more than 100 poise and less than 600,000 poise at a shear rate of 200 sec.sup.-1 and at 300.degree. C., and a specific gravity of which is more than 1.330 and less than 1.400. The film has improved mechanical properties, thermal dimensional stability and high temperature durability. Typical applications of the film are as electrical insulation, capacitor, magnetic recording medium, packaging material, and so forth.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a projection optical system and a copying system. The projection optical system can project an image of an original either onto a screen or to an exposing position of the copying system by switching between two positions. The copying system comprises a plurality of chargers providing different charging conditions in accordance with the types and sizes of copy sheets, by utilizing a change-over switch. A plurality of switches adapted for use with copy sheets of different lengths are arranged along the path of movement of a sheet of paper and, when the switch corresponding to the particular length of copy sheet desired is actuated, the movement of the sheet of paper is stopped, so that the central portion of the copy sheet can be brought into alignment with the optical axis for exposing at all times regardless of the difference in the length of copy sheets.