Abstract: A process for fabricating a superconducting oxide thin film is disclosed which comprises the steps of separately evaporating metal elements, of which the superconducting oxide thin film with a desired stoichiometry is to be composed, to a substrate and simultaneously irradiating the substrate with oxygen plasma generated by RF wave or ECR microwave to form a crystalline oxide film without further annealing.

Abstract: A microwave plasma production apparatus of the present invention comprises: a circular coaxial wave guide having a cylindrical outer conductor to inject a microwave power from one end and an inner conductor; a metal end plate in which at the other end of the circular coaxial wave guide, the cylindrical outer conductor is set to be longer than the inner conductor, and which is arranged in the edge portion of the cylindrical outer conductor and has a window of an inner diameter which is almost equal to an inner diameter of a cylinder provided for the inner conductor; a gap portion formed between the edge of the inner conductor and the metal end plate; and a discharge tube arranged from the inside of the cylinder of the inner conductor through the window to form a plasma of a material to be transformed to a plasma by the microwave electric field generated in the gap portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for developing a latent image formed on a photoreceptor constituted a container for storing developer, a toner feeder for replenishing toner, a sensor for measuring the toner concentration in the developer, a memory for storing a reference measurement lying only with a certain range and which is obtained by measuring a reference developer having a reference toner concentration by the sensor, and a controller for controlling a toner concentration of the current developer by operating the toner feeder so that a current measurement obtained by the sensor becomes equal to the reference measurement.

Abstract: A microwave plasma production apparatus according to the present invention is so configured that a cylindrical coaxial wave guide is formed by a cylindrical outer conductor and a helical coil shaped inner conductor, and at least a part of a nonconductive discharge tube is disposed inside said inner conductor, microwave being applied between said outer conductor and said inner conductor.

Abstract: A plasma trace element spectrometer comprises a microwave generator for generating microwave power, a microwave feeder for guiding and transforming the generated microwave power into microwave power of TE.sub.01 mode and supplying the microwave power of TE.sub.01 mode, a plasma producer having, at one end, an introduction port for a carrier gas and a sample and at the other end an opening and being cooperative with the supplied microwave power of TE.sub.01 mode to produce plasma of the carrier gas and sample introduced through the introduction port, and a spectrometer for analyzing constituent elements of the sample by measuring the produced plasma by way of the opening.

Abstract: A control method of supplying toner to a developing device wherein a toner supply to the developing device is controlled so that a level of the toner density is increased in a range not more than a predetermined level at a predetermined interval of an integrated development period while the developing device continues its developing operations without any continuous interruption longer than a constant period, and the level of the toner density is decreased when the continuous interruption is longer than said constant period.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for a gas discharge display panel having a plurality of cathodes and a plurality of anodes arranged in a matrix includes a cathode pulse generator and an anode pulse generator, with the anode pulse generator generating negative display anode pulses made up of auxiliary discharge pulses (width=tS) and display pulses of smaller pulse width (width=tD, tD.ltoreq.tS) corresponding to information display signals. The anode pulse generator preferably also provides positive display anode pulses so that selection between negative and positive display anode pulses is possible.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel adapted for effecting display by a plurality of gas discharge elements arranged in a matrix has a cathode formed by coating the substrate surface with a (100) preferred film of a rare earth hexaboride such as LaB.sub.6. The gas discharge display panel can be driven at relatively low voltage.

Abstract: A gas discharge display device in which cathodes are printed on an insulating substrate; an insulating layer is printed on the surface of a display portion of a light-transmissive insulating panel, which absorbs thinner components of printing pastes and exhibits a light transmissivity after baking; anodes are printed on the insulating layer; barrier ribs are printed on the insulating layer; and the light-transmissive insulating panel is placed over the insulating substrate and the periphery of the resultant structure is hermetically sealed, after baking the insulating layer, cathodes, anodes and barrier ribs.

Abstract: In a gas-discharge display device, a plurality of parallel cathodes connected to cathode terminals (K.PHI..sub.1 to K.PHI..sub.4) by multiphase connection are disposed in equally spaced apart relation on one surface of a substrate, while a plurality of parallel and equally spaced-apart anodes are disposed on the rear surface of a face plate in a relation crossing with the cathodes, and the fact plate is superposed on the substrate through barrier ribs defining a discharge space. In the display device, time-serial multiphase pulse voltage trains are applied to the individual cathodes respectively, while a train of pulses of large width corresponding to display information is applied to each of the anodes in a relation superposed on a train of pulses of small width used for initiation of an auxiliary discharge.

Abstract: A recording apparatus having an image carrier and a heated intermediate transfer member is disclosed. The improvement is the addition of a shielding member of porous metal for preventing water vapor and/or heat from reaching the surface of the image carrier, wherein the shielding member has a trapping capability for condensing and trapping the water vapor.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an intermediate transfer member of a reproducing apparatus for transferring a toner image formed on a toner image forming member to the intermediate transfer member and further transferring the toner image to a subsequent transfer material from the intermediate transfer member, wherein the cleaning member has an outer layer of a porous or fibrous substrate and an outer surface of the toner, a resin identical with the toner or a resin compatible with the resin, or the cleaning member has an outer layer of adiabatic elastic material and a thin metallic outer surface layer.

Abstract: A recording apparatus wherein an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image retaining member is developed into a visible image by means of a developer transported on the surface of a developer carrier having at least a magnet movably provided therein. At least a part of the electrostatic latent image retaining member is constituted by a magnetic material.

Abstract: A recording apparatus for electrostatic images comprising a photoreceptor, an intermediate transfer substance and a means for heating toner images transferred onto said intermediate transfer substance and transferring again and fixing them onto a transfer material, characterized in that there are provided a means for detecting a temperature of aforesaid photoreceptor and a means for keeping the temperature of said photoreceptor within a fixed range of T.sub.1 through T.sub.2.

Abstract: A gas discharge display apparatus includes a substrate on which a number of electrodes are formed in a row with a distance therebetween and interconnected through polyphase connections. Bipolar pulse voltages are sequentially applied to each phase of the polyphase connections to thereby cause each of the electrodes to operate alternately as an anode and a cathode on a time division basis, whereby discharge produced between the anode and the cathode is caused to perform self-scanning.

Abstract: An electrostatic reproducing apparatus wherein a toner image formed on a toner image retaining member in the form of a belt is transferred to and fixed on a transfer material through an intermediate transfer member in the form of a roll. The intermediate transfer member is formed by providing a thin transfer layer on the outer periphery of a metal roll. The belt comprises an elastic material layer. A transfer pressure roller for pressing the back surface of the belt contacts with the intermediate transfer member, and the surface of the transfer pressure roll is covered with an elastic body.

Abstract: The present invention is such that in a recording apparatus comprising a toner image carrier and an intermediate image transfer material which receives the toner image transferred from the image carrier and then transfers the toner image onto the subsequent transfer sheet material (recording sheet), and an image transfer section for transferring the toner image onto the moving transfer sheet material comprising a transfer roller and pressure roller pressing thereon, the recording apparatus has the following pre-heating means comprising a heat member and a pressing member which is located at a position prior to the transfer section and which, brings the subsequent transfer sheet material into close contact with or presses the subsequent transfer sheet material against the periphery of the pressure roller, the member being provided at least on its side facing the transfer sheet material with a heat-resistant, elastically deformable porous material.

Abstract: A gas discharge display apparatus comprises at least a number of anodes and cathodes each disposed in opposition to each of the anodes so that the anodes and the cathodes are arrayed alternately with each other. The anodes and the cathodes are wired, respectively, in polyphase connections. Discharge stabilizing resistors are connected in series to the polyphase connections leading to either the anodes or cathodes. Pulse voltages are successively applied to the anodes and the cathodes so that the discharge produced between both electrodes is caused to perform self-scanning, while the pulse voltages are applied to the polyphase connections leading to the anodes during a period determined in accordance with an input signal to be displayed, thereby to produce discharge between selected ones of anodes and cathodes determined in accordance with the input signal, said discharge being imparted with a memory effect.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing apparatus for an electrophotographic copying machine or electrostatic recording machine has a sleeve in which a plurality of magnetic pieces are arranged in alternating polarity. Each piece has a shape which produces two or more magnetic peaks. The sleeve and the magnets are rotated in opposite directions. As a result of the the above, a soft developer body is obtained, and density unevenness or striping of the image is avoided.

Abstract: A method of driving a gas-discharge panel having at least one reset electrode and cathode and anode groups for forming N electrode pairs. The cathodes are p-phase connected (p.gtoreq.3) while the anodes are m-phase connected (m.ltoreq.p). The reset electrode is applied with a reset pulse voltage having a period of T of one frame. Cathode pulse voltages having their pulse widths of (p-1)T/N are successively applied to the cathodes for respective p phases with a phase shift of T/N to each other while anode pulse voltages having their pulse widths of at maximum (m-1)T/N are successively applied to the anodes for respective m phases with a phase shift of T/N to each other. A reset discharge which is generated by the reset pulse voltage and the first one of the cathode pulse voltages and anode pulse voltages applied for each frame and having a value cooperating with the reset pulse voltage value is successively transferred by means of the cathode and anode voltages to display desired information.