Abstract: A holding apparatus for holding an optical element includes: a barrel; a first member having one end connected to the barrel, and an opposite end located apart from the one end in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the barrel and outside the barrel; a second member passing through the hole and having one end connected to the opposite end of the first member and the other end located apart from the opposite end of the first member in the direction and inside the barrel. Their linear expansion coefficients and dimensions are configured so that the opposite end of the second member is in contact with a side of the optical element, and the amounts of displacement of the side of the optical element and the opposite end of the second member due to a change in temperature correspond to each other.

Abstract: A holding apparatus for holding an optical element includes: a barrel; a first member having one end connected to the barrel, and an opposite end located apart from the one end in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the barrel and outside the barrel; a second member passing through the hole and having one end connected to the opposite end of the first member and the other end located apart from the opposite end of the first member in the direction and inside the barrel. Their linear expansion coefficients and dimensions are configured so that the opposite end of the second member is in contact with a side of the optical element, and the amounts of displacement of the side of the optical element and the opposite end of the second member due to a change in temperature correspond to each other.

Abstract: A color image reading apparatus has a 3-line sensor formed by setting a plurality of line sensors on a single substrate, an imaging lens for imaging an object, a diffraction grating which is inserted in the optical path between the imaging lens and 3-line sensor and color-separates a light beam coming from the object into a plurality of color light beams, and a first cylinder unit which is inserted in the optical path between the object and the imaging lens, and temporarily images the object in the sub-scanning direction in the optical path before the imaging lens.

Abstract: A reinforcement fitting provides shrinkage and expansion capabilities while maintaining sealability at the connection between existing pipes. The reinforcement fitting includes an externally fitting portion with an inside diameter that can fit over the existing pipes, a contact member installed in a recessed portion formed on the inside of the externally fitted portion having a tapered contact surface and a contact portion to contact with an outer surface of one of the existing pipes wherein contact resistance with one of the existing pipes increases when an external force is exerted in the direction to separate the existing pipes, an engagement portion which is able to engage with a flange portion of the other existing pipe when the external force is exerted in the direction to separate the existing pipes, and a cut out portion formed at an outer side of the reinforcement fitting for establishing a clearance for a protruded portion used in connecting the existing pipes.

Abstract: An original sensing device for sensing the presence/absence of an original placed on an original tray of a document feeder by using an output signal from a photodetector which receives a light beam emitted by a light projector and reflected by the original tray, including a projecting/photodetecting unit including the light projector and the photodetector, and an optical member interposed between the projecting/photodetecting unit and the original tray. The light projector and the photodetector are arranged to oppose said original tray such that a projecting optical axis and a photodetecting optical axis are substantially parallel to each other.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus has an adjusting mechanism for zoom lens unit so that the apparatus is made compactly. The zoom lens unit is constituted by a first group having a negative refracting power, a second group having a positive refracting power, a stop, a third group having a positive refracting power and a fourth group having a negative refracting power which are sequentially arranged from the object side to be substantially symmetrical about the stop. An image forming magnification is changed by moving whole system and moving the second and third groups on an optical axis thereof while a distance between an object and the image is kept constant. Image formation characteristics of the overall lens system are adjusted by moving and/or decentering the first group and/or the fourth group on/from the optical axis.

Abstract: A method for producing a replica mirror for use in an image-forming apparatus is described. The process includes a step where a mirror base plate including a mirror surface inclined with respect to the scanning axis in the image-forming apparatus is prepared. A reflective film layer is adhered to a master plate via a releasing layer. Then an adhesive material is applied to the reflective film layer. The reflective film layer is adhered to the mirror base plate via the adhesive material by pressing the mirror base plate onto the adhesive material. The reflective film layer is then transferred to the mirror base plate by peeling off the releasing layer from the reflective film layer.

Abstract: An original density detecting apparatus includes a projector-receiver including a light projector and a light receiver, and a reflecting member including a fluorescent reflecting plate a surface of which on the projector-receiver side is a coating of a fluorescent dye. An image forming apparatus includes an illuminating device for illuminating an original, an image reader for forming an image of the original on a photosensitive medium, and the original density detecting apparatus as described above.

Abstract: The present invention provides an original image focusing apparatus having a lens for focusing image light from an original on the photosensitive member, a first guide member for guiding a movement of the lens, a carriage on which the lens and the first guide member are mounted, and a second guide member for guiding movement of the carriage. The second guide member can be adjusted in a plurality of positions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus such as electrophotographic copying machine is disclosed. The apparatus is provided with a common light source of preexposure and blank exposure, and shutters for blank exposure movable in a perpendicular direction to a moving direction of photosensitive body in order to change an exposure width.

Abstract: A board copying apparatus comprising a writing board unit carrying a sheet which enables an image to be written thereon, a copying unit capable of forming, on a recording material, a copy image of an image carried by an original, and also capable of forming, on the recording material, a copy image of the image written on the sheet of the board means, a first density setting device for setting the density of the copy image of the image on the board unit, and a second density setting device for setting the density of the copy image of the image on the original. This arrangement eliminates the necessity for troublesome work for adjusting the copying density each time the copying unit is used in board copying mode for copying the image on the board unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus provided with a blank exposure device. The blank exposure device includes a plurality of light sources, each of which exhibits a light directivity. The light emitted from the directive portion is effective to electrically discharge the non-imaging area of the image bearing surface. Only adjacent to that side of each of the light emitting sources, such as light emitting diodes, which is nearer to the imaging area of the image bearing member, there is provided a light blocking member to block the light emitted from the marginal portion of the light-directive portion of the light emitting element.

Abstract: This specification discloses a scanning illuminating device in a copying apparatus of the slit exposure type in which a movable slit area of an original is projected upon a movable photosensitive medium by a projection lens. The device is characterized in that light sources are fixed to the opposite end portions of the original surface with respect to the scanning direction, the magnification of the light source image becomes gradually greater at one end of the scanning direction and gradually smaller at the other end of the scanning direction, and imaging elements are moved in the scanning direction so that the illumination distribution on the original surface is formed so as to compensate for the loss of quantity of light of the projection lens due to the so-called cos biquadratic rule or the like to thereby enable copying of uniform density in the scanning direction.

Abstract: A scanning illuminator has a compact structure suitable for use in high speed copying machines and is adapted to reflect light beams from two light sources fixed adjacent to the opposite ends of an original supporting area to the surface of an original by means of rotary mirrors and translating mirrors for illuminating the original surface in a slit shape. The scanning illuminator has a flexibility in optical adjustment.

Abstract: A scanning illuminator suitable for use in high speed copying machines is adapted to compensate the distribution of loss in light quantity with respect to an imaging lens due to the so-called Cos.sup.4 law in the scanning direction and includes fixed sources of light. The scanning illuminator is characterized by illuminating systems disposed symmetrically relative to an original supporting area, each illuminating system being adapted for illuminating the opposite end areas of an original by a portion of light beam from the fixed source of light adjacent one end of the original, especially the light beam portion emitted and bled backward of the light source, the illuminating system having at least one rotating or translating scan mirror for scanning the illuminating light beam.