Abstract: Frequencies of plural peak signals which appear in a band ½ of a sampling frequency are detected from a spectrum obtained from a measuring target signal sampled with the sampling frequency in order to detect the repetition frequency of the measuring target signal having plural harmonic components with a similar power. Each of the plural peak signals is successively assumed to be a fundamental wave beat component originating from the fundamental wave of the measuring target signal and theoretical frequencies of harmonic beat components originating from harmonic components of the measuring target signal are successively calculated. The theoretical frequencies are compared with the frequencies of the plural peak signals to determine one of the plural peak signals as a fundamental wave beat component originating from the fundamental wave of the measuring target signal.

Abstract: In a method of detecting a repetition frequency of a measured signal, in order to detect the waveform repetition frequency of the measured signal with high accuracy even in the presence of a frequency fluctuation in the measured signal, the repetition frequency of the measured signal acquired by the conventional method is used as a provisional repetition frequency, and the frequency change amount of the specified signal obtained in the case where the measured signal is sampled sequentially with a sampling frequency greatly changed from the provisional sampling frequency to generate a frequency fold at the time of sampling is detected. Based on the detected frequency change amount of the specified signal and the change amount of the sample number indicating how many times the frequency fold has occurred in the process, the error contained in the sampling number with a frequency fluctuation contained in the measured signal is calculated.

Abstract: A fundamental wave beat component frequency detecting method includes steps of obtaining the frequency fb[i] of plural peak signals which appear in a band ½ of a frequency fs from a spectrum obtained from measuring target signals sampled with the sampling frequency fs in order to detect the repetition frequency (fundamental wave component) of the measuring target signal having plural harmonic components having a similar power, assuming that each of the plural peak signals is a beat component (fundamental wave beat component) originating from the fundamental wave of the measuring target signal before and after the sampling frequency is changed so as to successively calculate each theoretical frequency fc[i,j] of the beat component (harmonic beat component) originating from the harmonic component of the measuring target signal, successively comparing the each theoretical frequency fc[i,j] with the frequency fb[i] of the plural peak signals, and determining that the peak signal which gives the theoretical freque

Abstract: In a method of detecting a repetition frequency of a measured signal, in order to detect the waveform repetition frequency of the measured signal with high accuracy even in the presence of a frequency fluctuation in the measured signal, the repetition frequency of the measured signal acquired by the conventional method is used as a provisional repetition frequency, and the frequency change amount of the specified signal obtained in the case where the measured signal is sampled sequentially with a sampling frequency greatly changed from the provisional sampling frequency to generate a frequency fold at the time of sampling is detected. Based on the detected frequency change amount of the specified signal and the change amount of the sample number indicating how many times the frequency fold has occurred in the process, the error contained in the sampling number with a frequency fluctuation contained in the measured signal is calculated.

Abstract: A two-beam interferometer splits an incident light in two optical paths, combines and outputs split lights together again. The two-beam interferometer generates at least one or more combined light made from two beams each having a polarization different from each other. A polarization state detector detects a variation in the polarization of the combined light generated by the two-beam interferometer. An electric circuit calculates an wavelength of the incident light based on the variation in the polarization detected by the polarization state detector. The two optical paths of the two-beam interferometer has a difference in length between a point of splitting the incident light and a point of combining the split lights, for the detection of polarization variation in the combined light by the polarization state detector. The optical path length difference between the two paths is fixed.

Abstract: A two-beam interferometer splits an incident light in two optical paths, combines and outputs split lights together again. The two-beam interferometer generates at least one or more combined light made from two beams each having a polarization different from each other. A polarization state detector detects a variation in the polarization of the combined light generated by the two-beam interferometer. An electric circuit calculates an wavelength of the incident light based on the variation in the polarization detected by the polarization state detector. The two optical paths of the two-beam interferometer has a difference in length between a point of splitting the incident light and a point of combining the split lights, for the detection of polarization variation in the combined light by the polarization state detector. The optical path length difference between the two paths is fixed.

Abstract: This invention is applied to an optical amplifier evaluation method of modulating by an optical modulator 23 light output from a light source 1 into a rectangular optical signal which is enabled/disabled in a predetermined period, then applying the optical signal to an optical fiber amplifier 2 to be measured, and obtaining the gain and noise figure of the optical fiber amplifier from the light intensities in the ON and OFF periods of an optical signal output from the optical fiber amplifier and the light intensity in the ON period of an optical signal input to the optical fiber amplifier. Output light from the optical fiber amplifier in a no-input state is passed through an optical path extending from the light source to the optical fiber amplifier and an optical path extending from the optical fiber amplifier to a light intensity measurement position, thereby obtaining optical losses on the respective optical paths. By the obtained optical losses, the light intensities are corrected.

Abstract: In an optical amplifier evaluating system of this invention, a pulse method using optical modulators and a probe method are combined to obtain a gain G and noise figure NF of an optical fiber amplifier. A first optical modulator turns on and off signal light output from a first light source. An optical multiplexer multiplexes the optical signal turned on and off by the first optical modulator and probe light output from a second light source. This optical signal multiplexed by the optical multiplexer is selectively fed into an optical fiber amplifier.

Abstract: In a recording apparatus for performing electro-static recording using toner, an image forming apparatus has a process unit including, as one unit, at least a photosensitive member and a spent toner holding section, a first counter for counting a total amount of use of the photosensitive member and a second counter for counting a total amount of toner that has been consumed. A determining section using the process unit determines the necessity for the process unit to be replaced with a new process unit by comparing a total amount of use of the photosensitive member counted by the first counter with a first predetermined reference value and the total amount of consumed toner with a second predetermined reference reference value according to whether the total amount of use of the photosensitive member exceeds the first reference value or the total amount of toner counted exceeds the second reference value.

Abstract: A thermal head is used on a thermal transfer recording apparatus which can record a continuous, fine line or curve by recording many dots, by a thermal transfer system, on a recording sheet. The thermal head comprises a one-dimensional array of heat generation element groups each comprised of a plurality of heat generation elements, such as heat generation resistors of, for example, a parallelogram, a diamond or an elliptic configuration, continuously arranged in a direction perpendicular to that in which recording is made on a recording sheet and lead electrodes connected adjacent to each other in predetermined positions, in which the longitudinal sides of the heat generation resistors are made oblique at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording device comprises a photoconductive drum which is rotated at a constant speed, a charger for charging a photoconductive surface of the photoconductive drum, a recording head which includes a large number of light emitting diodes arranged in a line, and which exposes the charged photoconductive surface, in order to form an electrostatic image corresponding to image data on the photoconductive surface, a developing unit for developing the electrostatic image into a toner image, a transfer unit for transferring the toner image onto a paper sheet, a fixing unit for fixing the toner image transferred onto the paper sheet, a line density decision circuit for deciding the line density of an image from the image data, and an emission time setting circuit for determining an emission time of the light emitting diodes in accordance with the line density detected by the decision circuit, the emission time setting circuit determining a first emission time in relation to image data to be pri

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording apparatus includes an exposing device for exposing a photosensitive member according to image data, a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image created on the exposed photosensitive member, and a fixing device for fixing the developed image, and the exposing device includes an image data processing circuit for converting discontinuous black-level pixels included in the pixels of the image data which is constructed by a plurality of pixels selectively including black-level pixels and white-level pixels to a white level to create processed image data, and a line scanner for line-scanning the photosensitive member by a plurality of times according to the image data and the processed imaged data each time an image of one line is created so as to create an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a combination of the image data and the processed image data on the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A circuit switching system for switching a circuit from a telephone to a facsimile. Circuit switching is performed by a signal, designating circuit switching delivered to the circuit. The circuit is monitored. When a signal designating circuit switching is detected from the circuit, the circuit is switched automatically from the telephone to the facsimile and a starting signal is applied to the facsimile.

Abstract: High-strength steel having a tensile strength of 80 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more is produced by one-line quenching or on-line quenching and tempering. The steel has also excellent low-temperature toughness and excellent weldability, which makes high temperature preheating unnecessary prior to welding. The composition is: C=0.04% to 0.11%; Si.ltoreq.1.0%; Mn=0.5% to 2.00%, Mo=0.10% to 1.0%, Nb=0.005% to 0.05% B=0.0009% to 0.0012% Al.ltoreq.0.1%; and N.ltoreq.0.0060%.

Abstract: An apparatus for plasma treatment of long continuous materials, typically sheet materials, which comprises a plasma treatment chamber, an electric power introducing member positioned in the central portion of the chamber, a plurality of antenna electrodes radially extending from the vicinity of the electric power introducing member, a plurality of grounded electrodes facing a treating surface of the antenna electrodes, the electric power introducing member being connected with the respective ends of the antenna electrodes closest thereto, and a guide means, i.e., guide rolls, for passing treating materials through gaps between the antenna and grounded electrodes. The antenna electrodes preferably have curved surfaces bulging out with respect to the direction of travel of the treating materials.

Abstract: A method of producing non-oriented magnetic steel heavy plate that has good magnetic properties in a low magnetic field that comprises hot-rolling high-purity steel, adjusting the crystal grain size and dehydrogenation treatment, whereby the a uniform ferrite grain diameter is imparted to the steel.

Abstract: A laser printer comprises two reference clock generators to define the rotational speed of a polygon mirror (main scanning rotational mirror); namely, a first reference clock generator which generates a clock signal whose frequency is set so as to correspond to a scanning line density for a millimeter system, and a second reference clock generator for generating a clock signal whose frequency is set so as to correspond to a scanning line density for an inch system. One of these clock generators is selected in accordance with the scanning line density of received image data. As the rotational speed of the polygon mirror decreases, a decrease and an increase in the image data density occur in the directions of main- and sub-scan, respectively, whereas as the rotational speed of the polygon mirror increases, an increase and a decrease in the image data density occur in the directions of main- and sub-scan, respectively.

Abstract: A system preprocesses analog picture image signals formed by scanning a manuscript prior to binarization into signals representing black or white according to a predetermined threshold value, compares a digital signal of a picture element to be corrected and of a signal of a picture element at least one main scanning line before the picture element to be corrected and positioned at the same position as the picture element to be corrected in an auxiliary scanning direction which is attenuated with each main scanning line or lines are compared. The one of these two signals having a larger level at a given time is used as a reference signal showing the nature of tone of the manuscript. When the level of digital picture image signal of the picture element to be corrected is closer to a black or white than the level of the reference signal, the level of the digital picture image signal is adjusted towards black or white. In other cases, the level of the digital picture image signals is maintained.

Abstract: In a binarizing system wherein analog picture image signals produced by scanning a manuscript picture image is quantized and the quantized signals are converted into digital picture image signals which are binarized into signals representing black or white according to a predetermined threshold value, some picture image signals of picture elements on the same main scanning line as a picture element to be corrected and positioned before the picture element to be corrected among the digital picture image signals are selectively extracted, and at least one of the picture image signals whose level becomes a maximum or a minimum is further selected from the extracted picture image signals. The picture image signal thus selected is used as a reference signal showing the nature of tone of the manuscript picture image for subjecting the picture image signal of the picture image to be corrected to a calculation emphasizing the nature of tone of the picture image to be corrected in the manuscript picture image.

Abstract: A tuning apparatus of phase-locked loop type having a voltage controlled oscillator which is working as a local oscillator of a tuning circuit, a programmable divider supplied with the output signal from the voltage controlled oscillator, a reference frequency signal generating circuit, a phase comparator supplied with the output signal from the voltage controlled oscillator and the output signal from the reference frequency signal generating circuit, and supplying the output signal to the voltage controlled oscillator, the programmable divider, the reference frequency signal generating circuit and the phase comparator being formed in a single integrated circuit, and a control circuit formed separately from the integrated circuit for supplying a control data to the programmable divider in the single integrated circuit is disclosed, in which the integrated circuit further comprises a memory for memorizing the control data which is serially supplied from the control circuit and supplying the control data to the