Abstract: A top-blowing lance nozzle is configured to freely switch an adequate expansion condition so as to control an oxygen-blowing amount and a jetting velocity independently of each other without requiring a plurality of lance nozzles or a mechanically movable part. A lance nozzle is configured to blow refining oxygen to molten iron charged in a reaction vessel while a gas is blown from a top-blowing lance to the molten iron. One or more blowing holes for blowing a working gas are on an inner wall side surface of the nozzle, at a site where the lance nozzle has a minimum cross-sectional area in a nozzle axis direction or at a neighboring site of the site.

Abstract: A raw material fluid treatment plant provided with a raw material reaction apparatus for reacting a raw material fluid to form a reaction gas. The raw material reaction apparatus includes preheaters and a reactor. The preheaters are heat exchangers that perform heat exchange between a second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid to heat the raw material fluid. The reactor is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a first heat transfer medium differing from the second heat transfer medium and the raw material fluid having been heated by the preheaters to heat and react the raw material fluid.

Abstract: A serial scanner apparatus, correction method thereof, and storage medium for performing bi-directional reading with high precision and greatly improving the reading speed. A carriage is first driven in the forward direction, then reversed, and driven in the backward direction. The carriage is accelerated until the speed reaches a predetermined velocity v1. When the predetermined velocity v1 is reached, the carriage is driven at constant speed. In the head portion of the constant-speed driving area, a correction area (reference correction area), having the same distance as that of the correction area for forward driving, is provided. With the use of an area (actual correction area) obtained by adding an area for correction time stored by a controller unit to the reference correction area, read-start timing is adjusted and the bi-directional error is corrected.