Abstract: The invention relates to a polarizing plate comprising at least a polarizing layer having a K value as defined by the following expression of from 0.25 to 0.75; K=(kx?kz)/(kx?ky) wherein axes which are orthogonal to each other in a plane of the polarizing layer are an x-axis and a y-axis; an axis which is orthogonal to an x-y axis plane is a z-axis; and kx, ky and kz are an absorption coefficient along the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively.

Abstract: An optical compensation film comprising a light absorbing layer capable of absorbing at least light of wavelength ? nm in the visible light region is disclosed. The light absorbing layer has absorption anisotropy, light absorption coefficient kz(?) in the direction normal to the surface of layer (in the direction of z-axis), with respect to light of wavelength ? nm in the visible light region, being larger than in-plane (x-y plane) light absorption coefficients kx(?) and ky(?); and the light absorbing layer has the larger degree of absorption anisotropy at the light of longer wavelength. A liquid crystal display device employing the film is also disclosed.

Abstract: An organic EL display device including at least one high-refractive-index layer having a refractive index of 1.6 or higher, and at least one low-refractive-index layer having a refractive index lower than 1.6, wherein the low-refractive-index layer contains high-refractive-index particles having a refractive index of 1.6 or higher, and wherein the high-refractive-index particles are disposed in a region 1.0 time to 1.2 times an average particle diameter of the particles from an interface between the high-refractive-index layer and the low-refractive-index layer, and the average particle diameter is 0.3 ?m to 1 ?m.

Abstract: An optical resin film, which has Re (?) and Rth (?) satisfying retardation requirements (A) to (D), and has an in-plane width direction retardation (Re) variation coefficient of 5% or less and a thickness direction retardation (Rth) variation coefficient of 10% or less: (A) 0.1<Re (450)/Re (550)<0.95 (B) 1.03<Re (650)/Re (550)<1.93 (C) 0.4<(Re/Rth (450))/(Re/Rth (550)))<0.95 (D) 1.05<(Re/Rth (650)/(Re/Rth (550))<1.9, and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the optical resin film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polarizing plate comprising at least first and second polarizing elements and satisfying (1) kx1>ky1=kz1, (2) kz2>ky2 and (3) (kx1?ky1)×d1>(kz2?ky2)×d2, wherein an x-axis and a y-axis are in-plane axes crossing perpendicularly to each other, and a z-axis is the axis crossing perpendicularly to the x-y axis plane; kx1, ky1 and kz1 each are the absorption coefficient in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively, of the first polarizing element; ky2 and kz2 each are the absorption coefficient in the y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively, of the second polarizing element; and d1 and d2 each are the thickness (unit: nm) of the first and second polarizing elements, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided and includes: a liquid crystal cell; a pair of polarizing plates disposed in cross-Nicol arrangement and sandwiching the liquid crystal cell. One of the pair of the polarizing plates has a protective film A for polarizer, disposed on the liquid crystal cell side, and the other of the pair has a protective film B for polarizer, disposed on a liquid crystal cell side. ReA(?) and RthA(?) of the protective film A, RthB(?) of the protective film B and ?nd(?) of the liquid crystal cell satisfy expressions (I) and (II) at a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm: 0.74×(?nd(?)?RthB(?))?RthA(?)?0.97×(?nd(?)?RthB(?))??(I) 0.018×?2/(?nd(?)?RthB(?))+0.032×??ReA(?)?0.036×?2/(?nd(?)?RthB(?))+0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy are interposed between upper substrate and lower substrate that have been vertically oriented on the surface, the orientation of the liquid crystals being almost vertical with no applied voltage, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and tilted when a smaller voltage than the predetermined voltage is applied; a first polarizer and a second polarizer disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal panel such that the absorption axes of the polarizers are perpendicular to each other; a first retardation film disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the first polarizer; and a second retardation film disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the second polarizer, wherein the polarizer comprises a polarizing film and a pair of protective films having the polarizing film in between, and wherein at least one of the protective films is a cellulose acylate film sat

Abstract: An optical resin film, which has Re (?) and Rth (?) satisfying retardation requirements (A) to (D), and has a thickness of from 30 ?m to 80 ?m: (A) 0.1<Re (450)/Re (550)<0.95 (B) 1.03<Re (650)/Re (550)<1.93 (C) 0.4<(Re/Rth (450))/(Re/Rth (550)))<0.95 (D) 1.05<(Re/Rth (650)/(Re/Rth (550))<1.9, and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the optical resin film.

Abstract: A scattering member includes: a binder; and a light scattering particle, wherein the scattering member is used for an organic electroluminescent display device; and an organic electroluminescent display device uses the scattering member.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes: a substrate; a lower electrode; an organic electroluminescent layer; and an upper electrode, in this order, wherein the organic electroluminescent display device further comprises a scattering member on or above the upper electrode.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal display device is disclosed.

Abstract: A novel method for analyzing optical characteristics of an optical medium including illuminating an optical medium, having an input surface and an output surface of light, with at least three input light beams differed from each other in a polarization state, respectively from a direction inclined by a polar angle ? (0°<?<90°) with regard to the input surface; obtaining polarization states of output light beams coming out from the output surface, corresponded to the input light beams; and determining the Jones matrix M which can satisfy the equation (1) below with polarization vectors of the input light beams and polarization vectors of the output light beams: ( Es ? Ep ? ) = Q ? × M × Q × ( Es Ep ) ( 1 )

Abstract: Provided is an optical filter having a light-transmitting region of transmitting light having a predetermined wavelength and a light-blocking region disposed adjacent to the light-transmitting region to block out the light, wherein the light-blocking region has an optical density gradation relative to light in the normal direction, from the contact point to the light-transmitting region along an in-plane direction, and the optical density is the smallest at the contact point to the light-transmitting region.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device comprising a liquid-crystal cell with plural domains and a transparent film comprising at least two domains that differ in in-plane retardation (Re) and/or thickness-direction retardation (Rth) for a visible light wavelength ? nm is disclosed. The domains of the transparent film and the domains of the liquid-crystal cell have no correlation in terms of their arrangement and/or size.

Abstract: A novel optical film is disclosed. The optical film comprises an optically anisotropic layer comprising oriented optical elements, wherein the optical elements are oriented in the optically anisotropic layer with an order parameter, which expresses the degree of orientation of said optical elements, varying in the direction of film thickness.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for forming an alignment layer to align the orientation direction of liquid crystals. In an apparatus 10 for forming an alignment layer according to the present invention, the shape of an edge 32a of a mask 12 for forming a slit 14 is determined by integrating the orientation direction of liquid crystals. The liquid crystals can be uniformly oriented by the edge 32a having such shape. This leads to the manufacturing of a liquid crystal display free from irregularity in brightness and color.

Abstract: A novel optical compensation film is disclosed. The film comprises a transparent film having a ratio Re/Rth(450 nm) of Re and Rth at 450 nm of 0.4 to 0.95 times as large as Re/Rth(550 nm) at 550 nm, having Re/Rth(650 nm) at 650 nm of 1.05 to 1.93 times as large as Re/Rth(550 nm), and having Rth at 550 nm ranging from 70 nm to 400 nm, where “Re” is an in-plane retardation and “Rth” is a thickness-direction retardation; and an optically anisotropic layer having an in-plane optical anisotropy, formed of a composition comprising a liquid-crystalline compound, in which molecules of the liquid-crystalline compound are fixed in an alignment state, wherein the direction of orthogonal projection, onto a plane of the transparent film, of a mean orientation direction of molecular symmetry axes of the liquid-crystalline compound at the interface on the transparent film side is 45° with respect to the in-plane slow axis of the transparent film.

Abstract: A transparent film is disclosed. The film comprises a domain in which the Nz value in the normal direction of the film surface shows monotonous increase from 0 to 1 or monotonous decrease from 1 to 0, and having an in-plane retardation Re at a wavelength of 550 nm falling within the range from 510 to 610 nm, provided that Nz is defined as Nz=0.5+Rth(550)/Re(550), where Rth(550) and Re(550) respectively indicate a thickness-direction retardation and an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A novel transparent film is disclosed. Re (?) and Rth (?) of the film defined by the following formulae (I) and (II) satisfy the following formulae (III) and (IV): Re (?)=(nx?ny)×d,??(I) Rth (?)={(nx+ny)/2?nz}×d,??(II) 0?|Re(630)|?50,??(III) Rth (400)×Rth (700)?0, and 0<|Rth (700)?Rth (400)|?150,??(IV) wherein Re (?) means an in-plane retardation value at a wavelength ? nm (unit: nm); Rth (?) means a thickness-direction retardation value at a wavelength ? nm (unit: nm); nx means a refractive index in the in-plane slow-axis direction; ny means a refractive index in the in-plane fast-axis direction; nz means a refractive index in the film thickness direction; and d means a thickness of the film.

Abstract: An optical resin film, which has Re (?) and Rth (?) satisfying retardation requirements (A) to (D), and has an in-plane width direction retardation (Re) variation coefficient of 5% or less and a thickness direction retardation (Rth) variation coefficient of 10% or less: (A) 0.1<Re (450)/Re (550)<0.95 (B) 1.03<Re (650)/Re (550)<1.93 (C) 0.4<(Re/Rth (450))/(Re/Rth (550)))<0.95 (D) 1.05<(Re/Rth (650)/(Re/Rth (550))<1.9, and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the optical resin film.