Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an inverted vertical lathe comprising a device for replacing collets automatically, and having a detector for detecting that the collet has been gripped correctly. A chuck 400 mounted on a headstock 40 grips a collet 500 in a replaceable manner via a tapered bore 430 provided to the end thereof. A collet end face eccentricity detector 600 comprises a detecting member (sensor) 610 fixed to the end of an arm 630. The detecting member 610 detects the eccentricity of the end face 510 of the collet 500 in a contactless manner. A variation pattern of the eccentricity occurring when each collet 500 is gripped correctly by the chuck 400 on the main spindle is detected in advance, and this pattern is compared with the variation pattern of the eccentricity detected by the present detection, and thus, whether or not the collet has been gripped correctly is detected.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an inverted vertical lathe comprising a device for replacing collets automatically, and having a detector for detecting that the collet has been gripped correctly. A chuck 400 mounted on a headstock 40 grips a collet 500 in a replaceable manner via a tapered bore 430 provided to the end thereof. A collet end face eccentricity detector 600 comprises a detecting member (sensor) 610 fixed to the end of an arm 630. The detecting member 610 detects the eccentricity of the end face 510 of the collet 500 in a contactless manner. A variation pattern of the eccentricity occurring when each collet 500 is gripped correctly by the chuck 400 on the main spindle is detected in advance, and this pattern is compared with the variation pattern of the eccentricity detected by the present detection, and thus, whether or not the collet has been gripped correctly is detected.

Abstract: A multilayer coating for the interior surface of a can, said coating being composed of(A) a primer coat layer having a dry film thickness of not more than 1 micrometer formed by using a .

Abstract: This invention provides a coating composition to be applied to the inner surface of a can and comprising about 50 to about 90% by weight of a bisphenol A epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of about 1600 to about 5000 and about 10 to about 50% by weight of a phenol-aldehyde resin prepared by reacting 4.0 to 6.0 moles of a formaldehyde with 1 mole of a bisphenol A or with 1 mole of a mixture of a bisphenol A and a p-substituted monohydric phenol in an amount of about 1 mole or less per mole of the bisphenol A in the presence of a hydroxide of alkali metal.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline or diesel engine having: at least two two-stroke cycle power cylinder - piston assemblies each having two horizontally opposed pistons, incorporating uniflow scavenging, and operating with a phase difference of 180.degree. relative to each other; at least one double acting scavenging pump cylinder - piston assembly which has two horizontally opposed pistons and is driven by the power cylinder - piston assemblies by way of a pair of mutually synchronized common crankshafts and crank mechanisms which connect the pistons of the power cylinder - piston assemblies and the pump cylinder - piston assembly with the common crankshafts, wherein the crank radius of the common crankshafts with respect to the pump cylinder - piston assembly is substantially smaller than that with respect to the power cylinder - piston assemblies.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine, comprising a power cylinder-piston assembly having a scavenging port configuration including a first scavenging port configuration first uncovered by the power piston as it moves along the power cylinder from its top dead center to its bottom dead center and a second scavenging port configuration uncovered by the power piston as it moves from its top dead center to its bottom dead center immediately after said power piston has completed uncovering the first scavenging port configuration, wherein the general rate relative to piston position in the power cylinder of uncovering of the area of the first scavenging port configuration is substantially lower than that of the second scavenging port configuration, so that the idling and low-load performance of the engine is substantially improved by improving scavenging.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder-piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and two horizontally opposed pistons and two crankcases to perform crankcase compression, and at least one scavenging pump cylinder-piston assembly of the reciprocating type, wherein the power assembly has main and additional scavenging ports; the pump assembly has a first delivery port which supplies scavenging mixture to one of the crankcases of the power assembly and a second delivery port which supplies scavenging mixture directly to the additional scavenging port, the main scavenging port being supplied with scavenging mixture from the crankcases, wherein the top dead center of the pump assembly is, as viewed in the crank angle diagram, between the bottom dead center and the main scavenging port closing phase point of the power assembly, and wherein a means is provided so as to interrupt the supply of scavenging mixture from the first delivery port of the pump assembl

Abstract: A method for operating a two-cycle internal combustion engine wherein in the scavenging stroke the air-fuel mixture charged into the cylinder forms a stratum adjacent to a piston and the stratum of the air-fuel mixture is made into contact with the stratum of the residual gases remote from the piston. Alternately, in the scavenging stroke the rich mixture is first charged into the cylinder immediately above the piston and then the lean mixture is charged into the cylinder immediately above the piston so that the strata of the lean and rich mixtures and the residual gases may be formed in the order named from a portion close to the piston within the cylinder. The decomposition of part of the air-fuel mixture or the rich air-fuel mixture is caused by the heat contained in the residual gases so that the chemically activated radicals are produced.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle uniflow scavenging power cylinder-piston assembly which has a scavenging port configuration which consists of first, second, and third scavenging port configurations which are successively uncovered by the power piston as it moves from its top dead center to its bottom dead center, wherein the first scavenging port configuration has a substantially smaller opening area than the second or the third scavenging port configuration, and the first and the second scavenging port configurations give substantially stronger swirl to fuel-air mixture discharged therefrom than the third scavenging port configuration, which gives substantially no swirl to fuel-air mixture discharged therefrom, and the first and second port configurations are closed when the engine is operating at relatively low load above idling and below a predetermined delivery ratio, such as 0.4.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder-piston assembly adopting uniflow scavenging and incorporating two horizontally opposed pistons, and at least one scavenging pump cylinder-piston assembly of the reciprocating type with or without having crankcase compression, wherein the total stroke volume of the scavenging pump means is 1.35 to 1.85 times as large as that of the power cylinder-piston assembly, and the operational phase of the pump cylinder-piston assembly is shifted from that of the power cylinder-piston assembly by an angle of 180.degree. or a little more.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder - piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and two horizontally opposed pistons, and a scavenging structure which gives zero or a relatively weak swirl to the scavenging mixture ejected into the power cylinder so as to effect stratified scavenging of exhaust gases when the engine is operating at relatively low load and which gives a relatively strong swirl to the scavenging mixture ejected into the power cylinder so as to cause high turbulence in the mixture when the engine is operating at relatively high load.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle diesel engine having at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder-piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and having two horizontally opposed pistons, at least first and second scavenging ports and two crankcases which may perform crankcase compression; a pump assembly including at least one scavenging pump cylinder-piston assembly of the reciprocating type which is separate from and is driven by the power cylinder-piston assembly; a scavenging air introducing device which introduces scavenging air compressed by the pump assembly to the first and the second scavenging ports through first and second passage systems, respectively; and a fume generating device incorporated in the second passage system and supplying fuel mist in an initial part of the air supplied through the second passage system; wherein the fume is supplied as stratified with exhaust gases so as to be heated by the exhaust gases toward decomposition and then the first passage system is interrupted before the pump as

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder--piston assembly having two horizontally opposed pistons and incorporating uniflow scavenging, a reciprocating type scavenging pump means including at least one pump cylinder--piston assembly of the reciprocating type driven by the power cylinder--piston assembly in synchronization therewith, wherein the carburetor incorporates, in addition to a normal throttle valve, a control valve which automatically increases its opening as the rotational speed of the engine increases, so that, when it is set to provide its maximum opening at the maximum rotational speed of the engine, it provides gradually reduced opening as the rotational speed of the engine lowers.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle diesel engine having: at least one two-stroke cycle power cylinder - piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and having two horizontally opposed pistons, at least first and second scavenging ports and two crankcases which may perform crankcase compression; a pump assembly including at least one scavenging pump cylinder - piston assembly of the reciprocating type which is separate from and is driven by the power cylinder - piston assembly; and a scavenging air introducing device which introduces scavenging air compressed by the pump assembly to the first and the second scavenging ports through first and second passage systems, respectively; wherein the first passage system is interrupted before the pump assembly reaches its top dead center so that thereafter the scavenging air compressed by the pump assembly is all supplied to the second scavenging port which is adapted to generate strong swirl flows in the power cylinder when scavenging air at high pressure is supplied in a large a

Abstract: A metering and distribution device for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine includes a housing with a fuel inlet port connected to a fuel pump and a circumferential row of fuel outlet ports respectively connected to fuel injectors for respective engine cylinders. A rotor, rotatably mounted in the housing, is provided with an orifice and rotates in a timed manner with the engine. A control member is telescopically mounted on the rotor and moves axially thereon in accordance with variations in the flow rate of intake air and has a circumferential row of orifices equal to the fuel ports and cylinders. The inner member, whether the rotor or control member, has an axially extending fuel passage connected to the inlet port and the rotor's rotation moves the rotor's orifice into overlapping communication with successive orifices in the control member and thus to fuel outlet ports and respective cylinders.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine including first set of passages formed outside a cylinder connecting a first crank case with scavenging ports for feeding air-fuel mixtures from the first crank case to the cylinder, second set of passages formed outside the cylinder connecting a second crank case with the scavenging ports for feeding air-fuel mixtures from the second crank case to the cylinder, and scavenging gas merging chamber cooperative with the first and second sets of passages and located upstream of the scavenging ports for restricting flow of air-fuel mixtures in vicinity of the scavenging ports. First and second pistons are mounted in opposed relation to each other in the cylinder, the first piston opening and closing an exhaust port and the second piston opening and closing the scavenging ports.

Abstract: In a uniflow, double-opposed piston type two-cycle internal combustion engine of the type having first and second crank chambers attached to the ends of a cylinder, first and second pistons disposed in the first and second crank chambers, respectively, and slidably fitted into the cylinder so as to move toward and away from each other, an exhaust port formed through the cylinder wall and opened and closed by the first piston, and a plurality of scavenging ports formed through the cylinder wall and opened and closed by the second piston, an improvement comprising means for feeding the rich air-fuel mixture to some of the scavenging ports, means for feeding the lean air-fuel mixture or the air to the remaining scavenging ports, and the lean mixture or air scavenging ports being uncovered and opened earlier than the rich mixture scavenging ports, whereby the scavenging efficiency may be improved and the amount of air-fuel mixture escaping through the exhaust port together with the combustion products may be mini

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle gasoline engine including at least one two-stroke power cylinder-piston assembly incorporating uniflow scavenging and two horizontally opposed pistons, and at least one scavenging pump cylinder-piston assembly of the reciprocating type, wherein the total stroke volume of the scavenging pump assembly is 1.15-1.65 times as large as that of the power cylinder-piston assembly, and the operational phase relation between the power and pump cylinder-piston assemblies is so determined that the top dead center of a pump cylinder-piston assembly is, as viewed in the crank angle diagram, in a range between 15.degree. in advance of and 15.degree. behind the midpoint between the bottom dead center and the scavenging port closing phase point of the power cylinder-piston assembly to which the pump cylinder-piston assembly supplies scavenging mixture.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has two sets of fuel injectors mounted on the engine so that each engine cylinder is provided with two injectors. A fuel metering and distributing device meters a fuel under pressure from a fuel source and distributes the metered fuel to respective injectors. The fuel metering and distributing device includes a housing provided with a fuel inlet connected to the fuel source and two sets of fuel outlet ports each connected to one of the fuel injectors. A rotor is mounted in the housing for rotation in timed relationship to the engine operation and is provided with an axial fuel passage always in communication with the fuel inlet. Two orifices are formed in the peripheral wall of the rotor in communication with the fuel passage while two sets of apertures each communicated with one of the fuel outlet ports are formed either in the housing or in a control shaft disposed in the housing in telescopic relationship to the rotor.

Abstract: In a non-load operation of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, both suction flow of newly supplied air-fuel mixture to be introduced in a first combustion chamber and exhaust flow of combustion gas to be exhausted from the first combustion chamber or only the exhaust flow is throttled to carry out compression ignition combustion in the first combustion chamber, while suction flow of newly supplied air-fuel mixture to be introduced into a second combustion chamber is blocked to stop combustion in the second combustion chamber to increase a gas feed rate in the first chamber, to thereby cause a kind of run-on phenomenon in the engine in non-load condition.