Abstract: The present invention relates to photopolymerizable compositions comprising an addition-polymerizable compound which has at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond; a radical-producing agent and a squarylium compound represented by the formula (I): The compositions are highly sensitive to visible and near infrared lights, particularly He-Ne laser, LED, diode laser, etc. having oscillation wavelengths in a wavelength region of 600 nm or more, and thus are useful as materials for holograms, presensitized plate for laser direct process, dry film resists, digital proofs, photosensitive microcapsules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photopolymerizable compositions comprising an addition-polymerizable compound which has at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond; a radical-producing agent and a squarylium compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## The compositions are highly sensitive to visible and near infrared lights, particularly He-Ne laser, LED, diode laser, etc. having oscillation wavelengths in a wavelength region of 600 nm or more, and thus are useful as materials for holograms, presentized plates for laser direct process, dry film resists, digital proofs, photosensitive microcapsules.

Abstract: There are described a novel squarylium compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## and an optical information recording medium using the squarylium compound in the recording layer.

Abstract: There is described a chemical amplification resist composition which comprises squarylium compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent substituted or unsubstituted aminophenyl, 9-julodidyl, Y.dbd.CH-- (wherein Y represents substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group containing nitrogen, or a group: ##STR2## (wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are the same or different and represent substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), photochemical acid generator and binders.

Abstract: Squarylium compounds having the following formula (I), ##STR1## and an optical information recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, comprising a squarylium compound having formula (I) are disclosed.

Abstract: There are described a novel squarylium compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## and an optical information recording medium using the squarylium compound in the recording layer.

Abstract: Squarylium compounds having the following formula (I), ##STR1## and an optical information recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer formed on the substrate, comprising a squarylium compound having formula (I) are disclosed.

Abstract: Squarylium compounds having the following formula (I), ##STR1## and an optical information recording medium comprising a substrate, and a recording layer formed on the substrate, comprising a squarylium compound having formula (II) are disclosed: ##STR2##

Abstract: This invention pertains to the polyurethane composition with hydrophilicity and hydrolysis resistance. The purpose of this invention is achieved by:1) A polyurethane molecule containing at least one acidic hydrophilic group in the molecule which is neutralized with piperidine derivatives and piperazinone derivatives, or2) A mixture containing polyurethane and compounds(s) having at least one acidic hydrophilic group which is neutralized with piperidine derivatives and piperazinone derivatives.The invention polyurethane compositions which have excellent hydrolysis resistance and rupture strength are useful for adhesives, paints, and bonding agents for magnetic recording media.

Abstract: Squarylium compounds having the following formula (I), ##STR1## and an optical information recording medium comprising a substrate, and a recording layer formed on the substrate, comprising a squarylium compound having formula (II) are disclosed: ##STR2##

Abstract: L-phenylalanine is produced by using a microorganism belonging to the species Citrobacter freundii, Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Flavobacterium suaveolens, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Paracoccus denitrificans, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus sphaericus, Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus, Kluyvera micum or Microbacterium ammoniaphilum and having the ability to convert phenylpyruvic acid into L-phenylalanine in the presence of an amino group donor; or fumaric acid and ammonium ion or urea.

Abstract: An improved method for separating an ester formed in a reaction mixture is disclosed. The method comprises controlling the ratio of organic acid and alcohol utilized and the removal of unreacted alcohol as an alcohol-ester azeotrope.