Abstract: A conduit such as a nozzle having its surface or a portion of its surface coated with a thin fluid-repellent layer is disclosed. The layer comprises or is produced from a fluorocarbon silane or a substantially aqueous emulsion. The emulsion comprises or is produced from (1) a fluorocarbon silane or its hydrolyzate, (2) water, and (3) optionally a surfactant, a silicon compound, a catalyst, or combinations of two or more thereof where the fluorocarbon silane has the formula Rf—(CH2)p—Si{—(O—CH2CH2)n—OR1}3 and the silicon compound can be a silicate or an organoalkoxysilane; Rf is a C3-18 perfluoroalkyl group or combinations of two or more thereof; each R1 is independently one or more C1-3 alkyl groups; p is 2 to 4; and n is 2 to 10.

Abstract: A process of forming a film of a fluorine-containing resin on a surface of a metallic substrate, wherein the substrate is coated with the fluorine-containing resin and is placed in a furnace vacuumized to a predetermined degree within a range containing the order of 10.sup.-3 Torr. The vacuumized atmosphere in the furnace is heated at a predetermined heating temperature of the range of from about 330.degree. C. to about 420.degree. C. for a predetermined period of time, whereupon the hot vacuumized atmosphere in the furnace is allowed to cool spontaneously with a vacuum of preferably the same degree maintained in the furnace until the temperature in the furnace reaches a predetermined pre-quenching temperature lower than the heating temperature and, thereafter, an inert gas at ambient temperature is introduced into the furnace for quenching the coating on the substrate.