Abstract: A method for manufacturing positive a electrode active material for a lithium battery represented by general formula Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2-y M.sub.y O.sub.4 (M: a 2-valency metal, 0.45.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.60, 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.2.1) having cubic spinel structure of and a lattice constant within 8.190 angstroms by employing a solid phase reaction, comprising the steps of firing a lithium compound, a manganese compound and a metal M compound and refiring the fired material after pressurizing it at least once to remove a metal M oxide.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium battery which is represented by general formula Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2-y M.sub.y O.sub.4 (M: a 2-valency metal, 0.45.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.60, 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.2.1) having cubic spinel structure of lattice constant within 8.190 angstroms.

Abstract: In a method of producing a lithium nickelate according to the present invention, a cobalt containing oxy-nickel hydroxide of a .beta.-type, a .gamma.-type, or a mixture of a .beta.-type and a .gamma.-type is mixed with a lithium salt, and heat treatment is applied to the mixture at a temperature of 400.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium battery which is represented by general formula Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2-y M.sub.y O.sub.4 (M: a 2-valency metal selected from Ni, Co, Fe and Zn with 0.45.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.60, 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.2.1) having cubic spinel structure of lattice constant within 8.190 angstrom. Such an active material is manufactured by employing sol-gel process wherein one of inorganic salt, hydroxide and organic acid salt of lithium or a mixture of these for Li, one of inorganic salt and organic acid salt of manganese or a mixture of these for Mn, and one of inorganic salt and organic acid salt of the selected metal or a mixture of these for M are used as the starting materials for synthesis, ammonia water is added to the solutions of these starting materials in alcohol or water to obtain gelatinous material and the gelatinous material thus obtained is fired.

Abstract: Addition of a water-soluble polyelectrolyte (i.e. an anionic or cationic polymer) significantly increases the hydrolysis rate of esters in the presence of lipases. The invention provides a process for hydrolysis of water-insoluble ester in the presence of a lipase characterized by the presence of a water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The invention also provides a method of increasing the rate of hydrolysis of water-insoluble ester in the presence of a lipase by incorporation of a water-soluble polyelectrolyte.

Abstract: A process for hydrolysis of water-insoluble esters in the presence of a lipase, at a pH in the range of 3-7 particularly to such a process for hydrolysis of resin in pulp.

Abstract: An electrochemical fluid delivery device of the present invention includes a case, pressure generating part and fluid reservoir part. The case has a cover capable of being opened and closed. When the cover is closed after the fluid reservoir part is accommodated in the case, the inside of the case can be maintained in an airtight condition. The pressure generating part includes a power supply part and electrochemical cell part. When a direct current flows in the electrochemical cell part, gas is generated and accumulates in the airtight case. By the pressure of gas, the fluid reservoir part is pressurized so that the fluid can be delivered. The amount of gas generated at constant pressure by the electrochemical cell part is determined by a quantity of electricity (current.times.time). Since the amount of fluid to be delivered is proportional to the amount of generated gas, the amount of fluid to be delivered in a unit time can be determined by the intensity of a current.

Abstract: An electrochemical fluid delivery device according to the present invention includes an electrochemical cell and a flexible bladder having a first chamber for reservoiring a fluid and a second chamber into which gas generated by the electrochemical cell is introduced. The gas compresses the first chamber to deliver the fluid from a delivery port of the first chamber. The bladder is formed of three sheets that are stacked, and their edge portions are joined to each other so that first and second sheets form the first chamber as well as the second sheet and a third sheet form the second chamber. A fluid delivery port and a gas introduction port are provided in the first and second chambers, respectively. The fluid delivery port is also used as a fluid pour port. Alternatively, the fluid pour port is independently provided.

Abstract: A device for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution includes a sensing means for sensing hydrogen ion concentration and a reference electrode. The sensing means may be an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor or a hydrogen ion electrode. The sensing means has an ion-sensitive layer composed of tantalum nitride, niobium nitride, zirconium nitride or niobium oxide. When the sensing device is built integrally into a lead-acid battery, the state of charge-discharge of the battery can be effectively known.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring concentrate of solute in an aqueous solution in which a humidity sensor is enclosed and sealed within a porous fluorine polymer film that is liquid water impermeable but water vapor permeable. The sensor operates by measuring water vapor pressure in the gaseous phase inside the sealed film after the inside and outside have equilibrated with respect to water outside and inside.

Abstract: In the invention, an electrochemical cell including an oxygen reducing cathode, an oxygen generating anode and an electrolyte, and having both a deoxygenating function and an oxygen generating function is coupled to a chamber in such a manner that, when the oxygen concentration in the chamber is much higher than a predetermined value, the deoxygenating function is utilized to decrease the oxygen concentration and when the oxygen concentration in the chamber is much lower than the predetermined value, the oxygen generating function is utilized to increase the oxygen concentration so that the oxygen concentration in the chamber is maintained at the predetermined value.

Abstract: A galvanic cell type oxygen sensor comprising a galvanic cell comprised of a cathode made up of metal effective for the electrolytic reduction of oxygen, an anode made up of lead material and an electrolyte made up of an aqueous mixed solution of organic acid and organic acid salt, which has a long life and a high output voltage, is not at all affected by carbon dioxide and which can prevent the generation of hydrogen from the cathode, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of storing foodstuffs and an apparatus for practicing the same, in which an electrolytic cell includes a gas diffusion cathode capable of reducing oxygen electrolytically and an oxygen liberating anode, and a DC voltage is applied to the electrolytic cell while the gas in a food storage chamber is brought into contact with the cathode to remove oxygen from the storage chamber, whereby the oxygen concentration in the storage chamber is controlled to a desired value.