Abstract: Provided is an airtight container for positive pressure beverage that has a cap which is able to improve airtightness. The airtight container for beverage is provided with a beverage container and a cap. The beverage container has a body portion and a flange. The flange is continuous with an upper portion of the body portion and defines an orifice. The cap is attached to the beverage container so as to seal the orifice. The cap has a liner and an exterior body. The liner has a thin liner portion for sealing a lower side portion of the flange and a thick liner portion for sealing an upper side portion of the flange. The exterior body is fixed to the flange so as to cover the liner from an outer side, in order to seal the orifice together with the liner. The exterior body presses the thin liner portion against the lower side portion of the flange and brings the thin liner portion in close contact therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a moving unit configured to move an object group including a plurality of objects within a predetermined area of a display apparatus, and a control unit configured to display in the predetermined area, the objects included in the object group, wherein the control unit changes a shape of the object group so that the objects displayed outside the predetermined area can be displayed within the predetermined area, in a case where one or more objects displayed within the predetermined area are placed outside the predetermined area when the moving unit moves the object group.

Abstract: An optical material having a high birefringence and a small absolute value of a photoelastic coefficient is provided by use of a resin composition for an optical material comprising a resin (a) having a positive photoelastic coefficient and a negative inherent birefringence and a resin (b) having a negative photoelastic coefficient and a negative inherent birefringence.

Abstract: An optical material having a high birefringence and a small absolute value of a photoelastic coefficient is provided by use of a resin composition for an optical material comprising a resin (a) having a positive photoelastic coefficient and a negative inherent birefringence and a resin (b) having a negative photoelastic coefficient and a negative inherent birefringence.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane is put between two gas diffusion electrodes and the whole is pressed at a pressure until the bonding temperature is reached and then pressed at the bonding pressure not lower than the pressure applied in the preceding step, whereby MEAs are obtained. The state of bonding of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the gas diffusion electrodes to each other is improved. The internal resistance is reduced and the three-phase interface is made to assume a three-dimensional structure to enlarge the reaction area, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells with higher output can be materialized by using the MEA.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane is put between two gas diffusion electrodes and the whole is pressed at a pressure until the bonding temperature is reached and then pressed at the bonding pressure not lower than the pressure applied in the preceding step, whereby MEAs are obtained. The state of bonding of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the gas diffusion electrodes to each other is improved. The internal resistance is reduced and the three-phase interface is made to assume a three-dimensional structure to enlarge the reaction area, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells with higher output can be materialized by using the MEA.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a large economical advantage uses a gasket which includes an elastomer layer that is inexpensive, highly resistant to chemicals, particularly to acids, and exhibits a high sealability. The elastomer layer is provided with an adhesive layer, and the gasket is both easy to position and easy to assemble. The fuel cell includes unit cells each including a positive electrode, an electrolyte plate, and a negative electrode, and gaskets each arranged at the circumferential part of the unit cell alternately stacked via a separator placed therebetween. The gasket includes an elastomer layer and an adhesive layer, with the elastomer layer being adhered to at least one side of the separator via the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A measuring method for determining the specific surface area available for reaction of a noble metal catalyst of an electrode for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The method includes measuring the total specific surface area of the noble metal catalyst and the specific surface area of the noble metal catalyst mixed with a polymer electrolyte by detecting the adsorption amounts of carbon monoxide upon exposure to carbon monoxide after reduction in hydrogen, and subtracting the latter from the former. Also provided is an electrode material for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell having excellent polarization characteristics by controlling the utilization of a noble metal catalyst determined from the total specific surface area and specific surface area available for reaction of the noble metal catalyst.

Abstract: A fuel cell device, wherein, after an output voltage from a main body of a fuel cell is converted using a converter, the relation between the resultant predetermined output voltage V 1 and an output voltage V 2 from a secondary battery is so set as to satisfy V 1>V 2. When, at the time of a sudden change of an external load, the output voltage V from the main body of the fuel cell becomes lower than a predetermined voltage V 3, an output to a charge controlling unit is stopped. When the output voltage V from the main body of the fuel cell is lowered even further and becomes lower than a predetermined voltage V 4, an output to an auxiliary device, which is necessary for driving the fuel cell device, is switched from the output from the converter to the output from the secondary battery.

Abstract: A gas diffusion layer including an electroconductive porous material and 16-55% by weight of fluororesin added to the electroconductive porous material is used for at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a membrane/electrodes assembly of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. As a result, the water-retaining property of the inside of the membrane/electrodes assembly is improved without hindering gas diffusion, thus enabling polymer electrolyte to be moistened with water formed at the positive electrode, and thereby providing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which operates by using unhumidified gas.

Abstract: An electrode of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells is produced by a step of preparing a mixed liquid containing an organic solvent, a noble metal catalyst-supporting carbon powder and a colloid of a solid polymer electrolyte having a particle size of from 1 nm to less than 400 nm, the colloid being adsorbed to the carbon powder and a step of forming an electrode by coating the mixed liquid on one side of a gas-diffusible layer. The solid polymer electrolyte is effectively adsorbed to the surface of the catalyst and thus a wide reaction area can be secured. Furthermore, thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte layer can be controlled to one in which hydrogen and oxygen can be easily diffused.

Abstract: A miniaturized fuel cell assembly to power portable electronic equipment includes a hydride hydrogen storage unit, a control unit for controlling the flow of hydrogen, a hydrogen supply device interconnecting the hydrogen storage unit and the fuel cell body, and an air feed device to supply oxygen necessary for the generation of electricity. The fuel cell assembly may also have an air feed device to cool the interior of the equipment, including a water retention device for recovering and retaining water formed in the fuel cell body, and a humidifying device using the recovered water to humidify the hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell body. The miniaturized fuel cell assembly facilitates the effective transfer of waste heat from the fuel cell to the hydrogen storage unit, and as a result of its ability to be used repeatedly, can be utilized for a greater length of time than a conventional primary or secondary power cell.

Abstract: A measuring method for determining the specific surface area available for reaction of a noble metal catalyst of an electrode for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The method includes measuring the total specific surface area of the noble metal catalyst and the specific surface area of the noble metal catalyst mixed with a polymer electrolyte by detecting the adsorption amounts of carbon monoxide upon exposure to carbon monoxide after reduction in hydrogen, and subtracting the latter from the former. Also provided is an electrode material for use in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell having excellent polarization characteristics by controlling the utilization of a noble metal catalyst determined from the total specific surface area and specific surface area available for reaction of the noble metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte electrolyte fuel cell which exhibits higher performances by sufficiently and uniformly contacting the solid polymer electrolyte with a catalyst to increase the reaction area inside the electrode. The method comprises the steps of dispersing a carbon powder supporting a noble metal catalyst in an organic solvent to obtain a dispersion, mixing the resulting dispersion with an alcoholic solution of a solid polymer electrolyte to produce a colloid of the solid polymer electrolyte and simultaneously to obtain a mixed solution in which said colloid is adsorbed to the carbon powder, applying the mixed solution on one side of a gas-diffusion layer to produce an electrode, and pressing the resulting electrode on at least one side of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane to integrate them.