Abstract: This specification discloses a light modulating device comprising a liquid medium whose physical properties are variable by heat, and a heat-generating element for heating the liquid medium to such a degree that boiling does not occur to the liquid medium. The specification also discloses a light modulation apparatus comprising a liquid medium whose physical properties are variable by heat, a heat-generating element for heating the liquid medium to such a degree that boiling does not occur to the liquid medium, and a optical system for taking out one of a light flux modulated by the variation in physical properties of the liquid medium and a light flux not modulated by said variation from a state in which the light fluxes are mixedly present.

Abstract: A display panel comprises a pair of electrode plates oppositely spaced from each other. One of the electrode plates has switching elements provided with gate lines and source lines, and the other electrode plate has counter electrodes thereon. At least one of the pair of electrode plates is provided along at least one of gate lines and the source lines with non-transmissive members, and spacer members are provided between the pair of electrode plates along the non-transmissive members.