Abstract: An organic EL device includes a substrate, a first electrode, a luminous layer, a second electrode and a charge transport layer. The charge transport layer is provided between the luminous layer and the first electrode or between the luminous layer and the second electrode. The charge transport layer is made of a charge transport material including a polymeric compound having, in a polymer main chain, a condensed ring structure composed of a plurality of rings including a pyrrole ring with the main chain being a conjugated system.

Abstract: A method and system for interfacing a dual port RAM interface system are provided. The system is arranged in an optical transmission unit and used at supervisory/control sections thereof. When a DPRAM is unstable, two CPUs supervise it till settling stable so that a correct information regarding a self-system can be sent to a host supervisory unit. The DPRAM mounted with one of the CPUs is used as a data communication medium. The structure judges that the two CPUs are accessible to the DPRAM for normal writing/reading. If two judgements obtained are normal, data communications are started.

Abstract: A data management system includes a first processing unit, a second processing unit operating independently of the first processing unit, a dual-port memory connected between the first processing unit and the second processing unit and used to transfer data between the first processing unit and the second processing unit, a first data holding unit for storing data used for processing in the first processing unit, and a second data holding unit for storing data used for processing in the second processing unit. The data stored in one of the first and second data holding units is transferred to the other one of the first and second data holding units via the dual-port memory when a failure occurs in one of the first and second processing units is eliminated, so that the first and second holding units store identical data.