Abstract: A graphene oxide used as a raw material of a conductive additive for forming an active material layer with high electron conductivity with a small amount of a conductive additive is provided. A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery using the graphene oxide as a conductive additive is provided. The graphene oxide is used as a raw material of a conductive additive in a positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery and, in the graphene oxide, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon is greater than or equal to 0.405.

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the following Formula (VII-CR): The process involving providing a compound represented by the following Formula (VI): in a case where the R3ONHC(?O) side chain in the compound of the Formula (VI) has a protecting group, removing the protecting group from the compound of the Formula (VI) with an acid, and adding an ester-based poor solvent to the resultant reaction solution to precipitate the compound of Formula (VII-CR), wherein in the compounds of the Formulas (VII-CR) and (VI), R3 is a C1-6 alkyl or a heterocycle.

Abstract: A crystalline form of a diazabicyclooctane derivative represented by the following Formula (VII), and processes for producing the same:

Abstract: To increase the amount of lithium ions that can be received and released in and from a positive electrode active material to achieve high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery. A composite material of crystallites of LiMn2O4 (crystallites with a spinel crystal structure) and crystallites of Li2MnO3 (crystallites with a layered rock-salt crystal structure) is used as a positive electrode active material. The lithium manganese oxide composite has high structural stability and high capacity.

Abstract: To provide a flexible substrate processing apparatus which allows the stable reduction of an oxide contained in a film-like structure body formed on a flexible substrate. The apparatus has a substrate carrying-out portion where a flexible substrate on which a film-like structure body is formed is unwound; a reduction treatment portion where an oxide contained in the film-like structure body formed on the flexible substrate is electrochemically reduced; a washing portion where the flexible substrate and the film-like structure body are washed; a drying portion where the flexible substrate and the film-like structure body are dried; and a substrate carrying-in portion where the flexible substrate on which the film-like structure body is formed is taken up.

Abstract: A crystalline form of a diazabicyclooctane derivative represented by the following Formula (VII), and processes for producing the same:

Abstract: A graphene oxide used as a raw material of a conductive additive for forming an active material layer with high electron conductivity with a small amount of a conductive additive is provided. A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery using the graphene oxide as a conductive additive is provided. The graphene oxide is used as a raw material of a conductive additive in a positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery and, in the graphene oxide, the weight ratio of oxygen to carbon is greater than or equal to 0.405.

Abstract: The amount of lithium ions that can be received and released in and from a positive electrode active material is increased, and high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery are achieved. Provided is a lithium-manganese composite oxide represented by LixMnyMzOw, where M is a metal element other than Li and Mn, or Si or P, and y, z, and w satisfy 0?x/(y+z)<2, y>0, z>0, 0.26?(y+z)/w<0.5, and 0.2<z/y<1.2. The lithium manganese composite oxide has high structural stability and high capacity.

Abstract: A structure and a method of manufacturing a power storage device with high energy density are provided. An air electrode includes a first current collector; a second current collector having a projecting structure, in contact with the first current collector; and a catalyst layer having 1 to 100 graphene films. Accordingly, the surface area of the air electrode can be significantly large due to an effect of the second current collector, and further, the graphene film can produce a catalytic reaction without using a catalyst such as a noble metal; thus, by employing a structure in which the catalyst layer is provided on the second current collector, the energy density of the power storage device can be improved.

Abstract: The amount of lithium ions that can be received and released in and from a positive electrode active material is increased, and high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery are achieved. Provided is a lithium-manganese composite oxide represented by LixMnyMzOw, where M is a metal element other than Li and Mn, or Si or P, and y, z, and w satisfy 0?x/(y+z)<2, y>0, z>0, 0.26?(y+z)/w<0.5, and 0.2<z/y<1.2. The lithium manganese composite oxide has high structural stability and high capacity.

Abstract: A graphene oxide used as a raw material of a conductive additive for forming an active material layer with high electron conductivity with a small amount of a conductive additive is provided. A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery using the graphene oxide as a conductive additive is provided. The graphene oxide is used as a raw material of a conductive additive in a positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery and, in the graphene oxide, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon is greater than or equal to 0.405.

Abstract: A mixture of amorphous PAHs and at least one of a carrier ion storage metal, a Sn compound, a carrier ion storage alloy, a metal compound, Si, Sb, and SiO2 is used as the negative electrode active material. The theoretical capacity of amorphous PAHs greatly exceeds that of a graphite-based carbon material. Thus, the use of amorphous PAHs enables the negative electrode active material to have a higher capacity than in the case of using the graphite-based carbon material. Further, addition of at least one of the carrier ion storage metal, the Sn compound, the carrier ion storage alloy, the metal compound, Si, Sb, and SiO2 to the amorphous PAHs enables the negative electrode active material to have a higher capacity than the case of only using the amorphous PAHs.

Abstract: A thin energy storage device having high capacity is obtained. An energy storage device having high output is obtained. A current collector and an active material layer are formed in the same manufacturing step. The number of manufacturing steps of an energy storage device is reduced. The manufacturing cost of an energy storage device is suppressed. One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing of an electric double layer capacitor, or a lithium ion capacitor, which includes porous metal electrodes formed by removing a metal from an alloy foil, and an electrolyte provided therebetween. A surface area per volume of the porous structure is greater than or equal to 100 m2/cm3.

Abstract: An object is to recover metallic lithium from metallic lithium on which an unnecessary substance is formed without discarding the metallic lithium on which an unnecessary substance is formed. The present invention relates to a method for recovering metallic lithium in such a manner that metallic lithium on which a substance is formed is reacted with nitrogen to form lithium nitride; the lithium nitride is reacted with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate; the lithium carbonate is reacted with hydrochloric acid to form lithium chloride; the lithium chloride and potassium chloride are melted; and electrolysis is applied to the melted lithium chloride and potassium chloride.

Abstract: The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

Abstract: To provide a redox capacitor that can be used at room temperature and a manufacturing method thereof. Amorphous semiconductor including hydrogen is used as an electrolyte of a redox capacitor. As a typical example of the amorphous semiconductor including hydrogen, an amorphous semiconductor including a semiconductor element such as amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon germanium, or amorphous germanium can be used. As another example of the amorphous semiconductor including hydrogen, oxide semiconductor including hydrogen can be used. As typical examples of the oxide semiconductor including hydrogen, an amorphous semiconductor including a single-component oxide semiconductor such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, and indium oxide can be given. As another example of oxide semiconductor including hydrogen, a multi-component oxide semiconductor such as InMO3(ZnO)m (m>0 and M is one or more metal elements selected from Ga, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Co) can be used.

Abstract: The amount of lithium ions that can be received and released in and from a positive electrode active material is increased, and high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery are achieved. Provided is a lithium-manganese composite oxide represented by LixMnyMzOw, where M is a metal element other than Li and Mn, or Si or P, and y, z, and w satisfy 0?x/(y+z)<2, y>0, z>0, 0.26?(y+z)/w<0.5, and 0.2<z/y<1.2. The lithium manganese composite oxide has high structural stability and high capacity.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material that achieves high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery is provided. The positive electrode active material is represented by Li2Mn1-XAXO3 and contains a metal element, Si, or P as A. The positive electrode active material has higher discharge capacity than Li2MnO3.

Abstract: A first conductive film, a first insulating film, a semiconductor film, an impurity semiconductor film, a second conductive film, and a first resist mask are formed; first etching is performed to expose at least a surface of the first conductive film; second etching accompanied by side etching is performed on part of the first conductive film to form a gate electrode layer; a second resist mask is formed; third etching is performed to form a source and drain electrode layers, a source and drain regions, and a semiconductor layer; a second insulating film is formed; an opening portion is formed in the second insulating film to partially expose the source or drain electrode layer; a pixel electrode is selectively formed in the opening portion and over the second insulating film; and a supporting portion formed using the gate electrode layer is formed in a region overlapping with the opening portion.

Abstract: To increase the amount of lithium ions that can be received and released in and from a positive electrode active material to achieve high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery. A composite material of crystallites of LiMn2O4 (crystallites with a spinel crystal structure) and crystallites of Li2MnO3 (crystallites with a layered rock-salt crystal structure) is used as a positive electrode active material. The lithium manganese oxide composite has high structural stability and high capacity.