Abstract: A manufacturing method of a catalyst may modify a carbon layer structure by using various heat treatment gases such as inert gas (Ar), hydrogen, and carbon monoxide in a carbon layer manufacturing process, thereby optimizing the carbon layer structure according to the purpose of a metal without changing a size of the metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchange system between an external plan such as a data center and a water treatment device of a sewage treatment plant. The present system includes a hot-air supply unit that supplies heat generated from the external plant to a reactor using microorganisms in the water treatment device, and a coolant supply unit that supplies treated water discharged from the water treatment device to the external plant as a coolant for heat dissipation of the external plant. It is possible to simultaneously solve various problems in terms of environmental and economic aspects by enabling complementary heat exchange between the external plant and the sewage treatment plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flange, and a pipe and a flange structure and, more particularly, to a pipe and a flange structure, which easily enable the pipe connection and the assembling of an expansion valve of a vehicle air conditioner using two or more evaporators, increase the durability, and facilitate the flow of a refrigerant.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a substrate including a first cell region, a second cell region, and a dummy region between the first and second cell regions, and conductive patterns included in the first cell region, the second cell region, and the dummy region. A first pattern density, which is defined as a density of the conductive patterns of the first cell region, may be different from a second pattern density, which is defined as a density of the conductive patterns of the second cell region. A third pattern density, which is defined as a density of the conductive patterns of the dummy region, gradually changes in a region between the first cell region and the second cell region. A top surface of the substrate may be inclined at an angle, in the dummy region.

Abstract: A substrate cleaning device, includes: a substrate cleaning module including first and second roll members adjacent to lower and upper surfaces of a substrate, respectively, first and second driving units configured to move the first and second roll members, a first roll cleaning module including a roll receiving region, a first cleaning solution supply unit supplying a first cleaning solution, and an ultrasonic generating unit applying ultrasonic vibrations; a second roll cleaning module including a housing, a brush pad in the housing, and a second cleaning solution supply unit supplying a second cleaning solution; and a control unit controlling the first driving unit so that the first roll member contacts the substrate lower surface or is accommodated in the roll receiving region, and to control the second driving unit so that the second roll member contacts the substrate upper surface or is seated on the brush pad.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle and, more specifically, to an air conditioning apparatus for a heat pump system, wherein while blown air passes through a first area and a second area which are partitioned from each other by a first separation wall, air passing through the first area is cooled or heated and then supplied to the inside of a vehicle, and air passing through the second area is discharged to the outside, so that the air conditioning apparatus can be miniaturized and can easily cool or heat the inside of the vehicle.