Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a communication protocol are provided. The apparatus for determining a communication protocol includes a protocol recording unit which records one or more applicable communication protocols, and a protocol parsing unit which parses a common communication protocol determined by another apparatus among the recorded communication protocols and provides the common communication protocol so as to communicate with the another apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for recovering a communication link between a Mobile Station (MS) and a Base Station System (BSS) in a mobile communication system when the communication link is disconnected while a communication service is in progress. When detecting the disconnection, the MS stores information of the communication link. If the MS acquires synchronization with the BSS within a predetermined time period from the detection, it resumes the communication service through the communication link. Upon the disconnection, the BSS stores resource and other information of the MS. If the BSS detects that the MS has acquired synchronization with the BSS within the predetermined time period from the disconnection, the BSS resumes the communication service through the communication link. This ensures a stable communication service in a mobile communication system that has many radio dead zones where the MS cannot normally receive services.

Abstract: Provided are a cyber shopping mall management apparatus, and a system and method for managing a cyber shopping mall using the apparatus that can reduce a return rate of a purchased wear item. The cyber shopping mall management method includes adjusting a size of an image of a wear item to be purchased to fit a size of an image of an object to wear the wear item, synthesizing the adjusted wear item image onto the object image, and transmitting the synthesized image to a buyer. Thus, the cyber shopping mall management system and method enable a buyer to indirectly examine whether a wear item to be purchased can fit an object through an image of the object wearing the desired wear item, thus reducing a return rate of purchased wear items.

Abstract: A method and circuit are provided for driving a word line. The word line driving circuit includes first and second power drivers, a switching unit and a word line driver. The first power driver is driven to a boosting voltage level and the second power driver is driven to an internal power voltage level. The switching unit transfers a first output of the first power driver to the word line driver in response to a first switching signal and transfers a second output of the second power driver to the word line driver in response to a second switching signal. The word line driver alternately drives a word line to the first output and the second output transferred from the switching unit in response to a word line driving signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing a rights object by backing up and restoring the rights object between a host device and a multimedia card are provided. The apparatus includes an input unit that receives an order signal from a user, a rights-object-managing unit that determines whether the rights object can be backed up and restored based on rights object information when the order signal is input, and backs up and restores the rights object according to a result of the determination, and an information-managing unit that manages information related to movement and removal of the rights object and information on the backed up and restored rights object.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a system for digital rights management (DRM), for measuring a usage amount of content used in a device. The DRM method of measuring a usage amount of content used in a device and reporting the measured usage amount to a server, includes: receiving policy information on the measuring or reporting including limitation information on the reporting from the server; and limiting usage of the content when the reporting is not performed according to the limitation information included in the received policy information. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the content from being limitlessly used without allowing the user to report the usage amount of the content by limiting usage of the content, when the usage amount of the content is not reported based on the limitation information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to encrypt data having hierarchical information are provided. The apparatus includes an N-th layer key generator, which generates an N-th layer key, an (N+1)-th layer key generator, which generates an (N+1)-th layer key by applying the N-th layer key to a predetermined function, an N-th layer data encryptor, which encrypts N-th layer data using the N-th layer key, and an (N+1)-th layer data encryptor, which encrypts (N+1)-th layer data using the (N+1)-th layer key.

Abstract: A method for receiving common control information from a base station to a plurality of subscriber stations in a wireless communication is provided. The common control information includes first information that all of the plurality of subscriber stations commonly receive and second information that the plurality of subscriber stations separately receive according to channel states of the plurality of subscriber stations. The first information is decoded by demodulating and decoding the common control information according to a modulation scheme and a coding scheme corresponding to an MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) level applied to the first information in the base station. The second information is decoded by demodulating and decoding the common control information according to a modulation scheme and a coding scheme corresponding to MCS levels applied to the second information in the base station.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device may include a memory cell array, a redundancy address decoder, a defective address detection unit, and a defective address program unit. The memory cell array includes a plurality of memory cell groups and a predetermined number of redundancy memory cell groups. The redundancy address decoder includes a predetermined number of redundancy decoders for accessing at least one group of the redundancy memory cell groups when a first defective address is identical to an externally applied address. The defective address detection unit performs a write operation and a read operation on the memory cell array during a test operation to detect a defective address, and outputs the detected defective address as the first defective address when the same defective address is detected a predetermined number of times or more. The defective address program unit receives and programs the first defective address output from the defective address detection unit during a program operation.

Abstract: A device and a portable storage device which are capable of transferring a rights object (RO) and a method of transferring an RO are provided. The method includes enabling a device to transmit an installation request message to a portable storage device for installing a copy of an original RO present in the device in the portable storage device, enabling the device to install the copy of the original RO in the portable storage device, and enabling the device to receive an installation response message indicating that the copy of the original RO has been successfully installed in the portable storage device from the portable storage device.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device, having a test mode and a normal mode, includes a frequency multiplier and a test command sequence generator. The frequency multiplier receives a test clock signal in the test mode and generates multiple internal test clock signals, each of which has a frequency equal to a frequency of an operation clock signal in the normal mode. The test clock signal has a frequency lower than the frequency of the operation clock signal. The test command sequence generator generates at least one command signal in response to the internal test clock signals in the test mode. The at least one command signal corresponds to at least one operation timing parameter of the semiconductor memory device that is to be measured. The frequency multiplier may include a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) or a Delay Locked Loop (DLL).

Abstract: A refresh method for a semiconductor memory device having more than one bank group is provided. The refresh method may include applying an all-refresh command to one the bank groups, determining if one of the bank groups includes a bank undergoing a refresh operation when the all-refresh command is received, and performing an all-refresh operation based on the determination.

Abstract: A sense amplifier includes a reference signal providing unit and an internal sense amplification unit. The reference signal providing unit provides a reference bit line signal in response to a reference control signal. The internal sense amplification unit receives the reference bit line signal and data signals that correspond to the data. The received signals are provided through bit lines connected to the memory cell array. The internal sense amplification unit senses the received reference bit line signal and the data signals and amplifies the sensed signals. The sense amplifier senses data stored in memory cells connected to dummy bit lines of the outmost memory cell array of a semiconductor memory device such that the memory cells that are not used can be used. Accordingly, the design area and cost of the semiconductor memory device can be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, apparatus and system for providing a financial service through a mobile station in a mobile communication network. The system includes the mobile station for reading a barcode, transmitting user authentication data and the barcode, receiving passbook data, and storing and managing the passbook data; the mobile communication network for receiving the user authentication data and the barcode to thereby provide barcode information to a bank server, determining whether to approve the service; the bank server for managing the passbook data, allocating a specific barcode to each automatic machine, providing the location information of the automatic machine, corresponding to the barcode, and providing the mobile station with a banking service; and the automatic machine for receiving the barcode and outputting the received barcode, and providing the banking service through the bank server when the service is approved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi certificate revocation list (CRL) support method and apparatus for digital rights management (DRM). A multi CRM support method for DRM includes: receiving a first CRL and validating an issuer identification (ID) of the first CRL; loading a second CRL corresponding to the issuer ID and determining which of the first and second CRLs is the most updated CRL; and updating one of the first and second CRLs with the most updated CRL, based on a result of the determining.

Abstract: A fire cupping jar includes a cup portion and a lamp that is provided in the cupping jar. The cupping jar can be repeatedly used without needing to be replenished with alcohol and can use fire capable of providing uniform flame.

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for searching rights objects stored in a portable storage device by using an object location data. The method includes: accessing the portable storage device; transmitting an object identifier to the portable storage device; receiving a location data of a first object searched based on the object identifier from the portable storage device; storing the location data of the first object with the object identifier; and transmitting the location data of the first object and an operation data representing operations to be performed with the first object to the portable storage device by using the location data of the first object.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of memory banks. A refresh control block is responsive to a control address that identifies at least one of the plurality of memory banks to be refreshed. The refresh control block is configured to control refreshing of the at least one of the plurality of memory banks to be refreshed. The control address is used during read and/or write operations of the plurality of memory banks.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for updating the location of an idle-mode MS in a communication system are provided, in which the MS transmits a ranging request message requesting location update to a BS, receives a ranging response message from the BS, determines from the ranging response message whether downlink traffic has been generated for the MS, and performs network reentry if downlink traffic has been generated for the MS, and upon receipt of the ranging request message from the MS, the BS performs a location update procedure, determines whether downlink traffic has been generated for the MS, generates the ranging response message including information indicating whether downlink traffic has been generated for the MS, and transmits the ranging response message to the MS.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for issuing a rights object required to use digital content. The method includes receiving the digital content and the rights object; and encrypting the received rights object using a public key of a secure multimedia card (SMC) and storing the encrypted rights object in the SMC.