Abstract: A method of patterning an underlying structure includes the following. A first patterning process is performed on the underlying structure to form a first patterned underlying structure including a first opening. A patterned photoresist layer is formed, and the patterned photoresist layer fills the first opening. A second patterning process is performed on the first patterned underlying structure to form a second patterned underlying structure including the first opening and a second opening.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, pixel structures, a first common pad, a second substrate, a second common electrode, a display medium and a conductive particle. The pixel structures are disposed on an active area of the first substrate. The first common pad is disposed on a peripheral area of the first substrate, and is electrically connected to first common electrodes of the pixel structures. The second common electrode is disposed on the second substrate. The conductive particle is disposed on the first common pad, and is electrically connected to the first common pad and the second common electrode. The conductive particle includes a core and a conductive film disposed on a surface of the core, where the conductive film has a main portion and raised portions, and a film thickness of each of the raised portions is greater than a film thickness of the main portion.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck is provided, the electrostatic chuck includes a base; and an insulating layer, an electrode layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer sequentially stacked on the base. The first dielectric layer is aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or aluminum nitride (AlN). A material of the second dielectric layer is different from a material of the first dielectric layer, and the second dielectric layer includes titanium element, IVA group element, and oxygen element.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a water-based coating material is provided, including: (a) reacting tetraalkoxysilane, acidic aqueous solution of vanadium salt, and trialkoxyalkylsilane to form an oligomer; (b) reacting the oligomer with colloidal silica particles to form a modified oligomer; and (c) reacting the modified oligomer with trialkoxyepoxysilane to obtain a water-based coating material.

Abstract: A method for forming an inorganic passivation material is provided. The method includes mixing about 5 to 80 parts by weight of trialkoxysilane, about 10 to 80 parts by weight of tetraalkoxysilane, and about 1 to 30 parts by weight of catalyst to perform a reaction at pH of about 0.05 to 4 to form an inorganic resin material. The inorganic resin material is modified by phosphate ester to form an inorganic passivation material, wherein phosphate ester is about 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inorganic resin material. An inorganic passivation material and a passivation protective film produced therefrom are also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hydrophobic antifouling coating material, including: (a) mixing a sol-gel precursor, water, an aqueous colloidal silica suspension, and a catalyst to perform a sol-gel reaction to form a solution having particles therein, wherein the sol-gel reaction is performed without addition of any organic solvent; (b) chemically modifying the particles with a hydrophobic agent to form surface-modified particles; and (c) adding a surfactant to the solution containing the surface-modified particles to form a hydrophobic antifouling coating material. The hydrophobic antifouling coating material can be dispersed in an aqueous solution, and has properties such as low VOC (Volatile organic compound) value, high solid content, and high stability.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hydrophobic material is provided, which includes: (a) mixing a sol-gel precursor, water, and catalyst to perform a sol-gel reaction for forming a solution having particles therein, (b) modifying the particles with a hydrophobic agent to form surface-modified particles, (c) adding a small-molecular surfactant to the solution containing the surface-modified particles to form a first dispersion, (d) mixing a resin, a water soluble polymer, and water to form a second dispersion, and (e) mixing the first dispersion and the second dispersion to obtain a hydrophobic material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hydrophobic antifouling coating material, including: (a) mixing a sol-gel precursor, water, an aqueous colloidal silica suspension, and a catalyst to perform a sol-gel reaction to form a solution having particles therein, wherein the sol-gel reaction is performed without addition of any organic solvent; (b) chemically modifying the particles with a hydrophobic agent to form surface-modified particles; and (c) adding a surfactant to the solution containing the surface-modified particles to form a hydrophobic antifouling coating material. The hydrophobic antifouling coating material can be dispersed in an aqueous solution, and has properties such as low VOC (Volatile organic compound) value, high solid content, and high stability.

Abstract: A method for forming an inorganic passivation material is provided. The method includes mixing about 5 to 80 parts by weight of trialkoxysilane, about 10 to 80 parts by weight of tetraalkoxysilane, and about 1 to 30 parts by weight of catalyst to perform a reaction at pH of about 0.05 to 4 to form an inorganic resin material. The inorganic resin material is modified by phosphate ester to form an inorganic passivation material, wherein phosphate ester is about 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inorganic resin material. An inorganic passivation material and a passivation protective film produced therefrom are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for forming an inorganic polymer material, including mixing 10 to 80 parts by weight of tetraalkoxysilane and 10 to 80 parts by weight of trialkoxysilane to form a mixture; and performing a reaction at pH of 0 to 4 by adding 5 to 30 parts by weight of a catalyst to the mixture to form an inorganic polymer material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hydrophobic coating material, including: (a) mixing a siloxane precursor, water, and a catalyst to proceed with a sol-gel reaction to form a solution having particles therein, wherein the sol-gel reaction is performed without using any organic solvent; (b) chemically modifying the particles with a hydrophobic agent to form surface-modified particles; and (c) adding a surfactant to the solution containing the surface-modified particles to form a hydrophobic coating material. A hydrophobic coating material and a hydrophobic coating formed by the hydrophobic coating material are also provided. The hydrophobic coating material may preferably have a low VOC (Volatile organic compound) value, and may disperse in a water phase solution.

Abstract: A figure exhibiting method is disclosed in this invention. The figure exhibiting method includes providing a figure and at least one light source. A number of color areas are included in the figure, inga first color area. The light source projects a variety of color lights onto the figure according to a program. The lights include a first light, which is the complementary color of the first color area in order to create a dark visual effect. Alternatively, a color light that is able to create a reflection of color from the first color area can be projected onto the figure, making the color of the area appear differently than it would under sunlight. A figure exhibiting device is also disclosed in this invention. The figure exhibiting device includes a light guiding plate, a transparent plate, a figure and at least one light source. The figure is clipped between the light guiding plate and the transparent plate. The figure includes a number of color areas, particularly, a first color area.