Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor chip are provided. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate including integrated circuit regions and a cut region. The cut region may be between the integrated circuit regions. The methods may also include forming a modified layer by emitting a laser beam into the semiconductor substrate along the cut region, polishing an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate to propagate a crack from the modified layer, and separating the integrated circuit regions along the crack. The cut region may include a plurality of multilayer metal patterns on an active surface of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of multilayer metal patterns may form a pyramid structure when viewed in cross section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures in a structured light-based 3D camera system. The method includes capturing a reference image onto which first and second patterns are projected, calculating a slope related to brightness and an exposure time for a pixel of the reference image and categorizing a state of the slope, creating an upper loss pixel distribution chart and an accumulation pixel distribution chart by calculating the number of upper loss pixels and the number of accumulation pixels for the exposure time of the structured light-based 3D camera system, and determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures of the structured light-based 3D camera system using the upper loss pixel distribution chart and the accumulation pixel distribution chart.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures in a structured light-based 3D camera system. The method includes capturing a reference image onto which first and second patterns are projected, calculating a slope related to brightness and an exposure time for a pixel of the reference image and categorizing a state of the slope, creating an upper loss pixel distribution chart and an accumulation pixel distribution chart by calculating the number of upper loss pixels and the number of accumulation pixels for the exposure time of the structured light-based 3D camera system, and determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures of the structured light-based 3D camera system using the upper loss pixel distribution chart and the accumulation pixel distribution chart.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures in a structured light-based 3D camera system. The method includes capturing a reference image onto which first and second patterns are projected, calculating a slope related to brightness and an exposure time for a pixel of the reference image and categorizing a state of the slope, creating an upper loss pixel distribution chart and an accumulation pixel distribution chart by calculating the number of upper loss pixels and the number of accumulation pixels for the exposure time of the structured light-based 3D camera system, and determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures of the structured light-based 3D camera system using the upper loss pixel distribution chart and the accumulation pixel distribution chart.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures in a structured light-based 3D camera system. The method includes capturing a reference image onto which first and second patterns are projected, calculating a slope related to brightness and an exposure time for a pixel of the reference image and categorizing a state of the slope, creating an upper loss pixel distribution chart and an accumulation pixel distribution chart by calculating the number of upper loss pixels and the number of accumulation pixels for the exposure time of the structured light-based 3D camera system, and determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures of the structured light-based 3D camera system using the upper loss pixel distribution chart and the accumulation pixel distribution chart.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures in a structured light-based 3D camera system. The method includes capturing a reference image onto which first and second patterns are projected, calculating a slope related to brightness and an exposure time for a pixel of the reference image and categorizing a state of the slope, creating an upper loss pixel distribution chart and an accumulation pixel distribution chart by calculating the number of upper loss pixels and the number of accumulation pixels for the exposure time of the structured light-based 3D camera system, and determining the optimal exposure time and the number of exposures of the structured light-based 3D camera system using the upper loss pixel distribution chart and the accumulation pixel distribution chart.

Abstract: Provided are a rubber composition for tire tread, which exhibits excellent cut and chip resistance and also exhibits excellent abrasion resistance and heat generation resistance performances that are in a trade-off relationship with the cut and chip resistance, and a tire produced using the rubber composition. The rubber composition for tire tread has excellent abrasion resistance and cut and chip resistance, and thus a tire produced using the rubber composition for tire tread can be suitably used in buses or trucks.

Abstract: Provided are a rubber composition for tire tread, which exhibits excellent cut and chip resistance and also exhibits excellent abrasion resistance and heat generation resistance performances that are in a trade-off relationship with the cut and chip resistance, and a tire produced using the rubber composition. The rubber composition for tire tread has excellent abrasion resistance and cut and chip resistance, and thus a tire produced using the rubber composition for tire tread can be suitably used in buses or trucks.