Abstract: Razors and components thereof are provided, as well as methods of making such.

Abstract: The invention includes superconducting titanium-containing compositions having less than 200 ppm, by weight, of a combined total of interstitial materials selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods of forming superconducting titanium-containing superconducting compositions containing less than 100 ppm, by weight, of a combined total of interstitial materials selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: Razors and components thereof are provided, as well as methods of making such.

Abstract: The invention includes an alloy containing equivalent amounts of nickel and titanium. The alloy has shape memory and a metallic purity of at least about 99.995%, and comprises less than about 200 ppm of gases. The invention also includes an alloy comprising titanium and nickel where the titanium and nickel amounts are non-equivalent. The alloy has shape memory and has a metallic purity of at least 99.995%, and contains less than about 200 ppm of gases. The invention further includes a method of producing a shape memory alloy. Titanium is provided having a metallic purity of at least 99.999% and nickel is provided having a metallic purity of at least 99.99%. The titanium and nickel are combined utilizing at least one melting event independently selected from e-beam melting, vacuum arc melting, vacuum induction melting, induction skull melting and plasma melting.

Abstract: Self-heating non-aerosol shave products are provided. In some implementations, the shave product includes a non-ionic emulsifier system, for example, including one or more fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Abstract: Self-heating shave foams and shave foam products are provided. In some implementations, the shave foams include a non-ionic emulsifier system, for example, including one or more fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Abstract: The invention includes superconducting titanium-containing compositions having less than 200 ppm, by weight, of a combined total of interstitial materials selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods of forming superconducting titanium-containing superconducting compositions containing less than 100 ppm, by weight, of a combined total of interstitial materials selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to shaving compositions that include water insoluble lubricating polymer particles and/or one or more water soluble polymers. Some preferred compositions include a lubricating agent that contains water insoluble lubricating polymer particles and a blend of two or more water soluble polymers having different molecular weights. The invention is also directed to methods of shaving in which a shaving composition of the present invention is applied to an area of skin, then said area is shaved, preferably with a wet razor.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods of forming titanium-based mixed-metal materials and zirconium-based mixed-metal materials utilizing one or more of a reduction process, electrolysis process and iodide process. The invention also encompasses a sputtering target comprising zirconium and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W, Y, and Yb. The invention also encompasses a sputtering target comprising titanium and boron.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus and method for determining the pass through flux of magnetic materials. The apparatus comprises one or more magnetic field sensors arranged in such a way as to collect field strength data in any or all the x, y, z directions. The apparatus also comprises a magnet field source or arrangement of magnet field sources which are placed beneath the material being characterized and includes a mechanism whereby the magnetic material can be mapped by the movement of any one or combination of: magnetic field source or sources, sensors and magnetic material. The invented method comprises the use of various configurations of magnetic sources in order to generate a magnetic field that emulates the open-loop condition found in magnetron sputtering.

Abstract: Self-heating, post-foaming shave gels and shave gel products are provided. In some implementations, the shave gels include a non-ionic emulsifier system, e.g., including one or more fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Abstract: Heated, post-foaming shave gels are provided. Post-foaming shave gels that include a non-ionic emulsifier system are also provided. In some implementations, the non-ionic emulsifier system includes one or more fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a self-foaming shaving composition in the form of a lotion. The shaving composition comprises water, a water dispersible surface active agent capable of forming a lather, a volatile self-foaming agent, and a water soluble thickening agent wherein the composition is in the form of a self-foaming lotion having an elastic modulus (G′) of about 100 to about 1000 Pascals, preferably about 200 to about 900 Pa, most preferably about 400 to about 800 Pa (measured with a rheometer at frequency 1 Hz, oscillatory stress range 0.01-1.0 Pa, temperature 5° C., Gap 1000 &mgr;m). The present invention is also directed to an improved shaving method in which a shaving composition of the present invention is applied to an area of skin, then said area is shaved, preferably with a wet razor.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for producing high purity titanium and high purity titanium so produced. The process contemplates producing titanium sponge in a container and performing titanium fused salt electrolysis in situ in the same container to produce high purity titanium crystal, and where especially low oxygen content is desired, to treat the high purity titanium crystal as produced with iodine.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods of forming titanium-based mixed-metal materials and zirconium-based mixed-metal materials utilizing one or more of a reduction process, electrolysis process and iodide process. The invention also encompasses a sputtering target comprising zirconium and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Ce, Co, Cs, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W, Y, and Yb. The invention also encompasses a sputtering target comprising titanium and boron.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a self-foaming shaving composition in the form of a lotion. The shaving composition comprises water, a water dispersible surface active agent capable of forming a lather, a volatile self-foaming agent, and a water soluble thickening agent wherein the composition is in the form of a self-foaming lotion having an elastic modulus (G′) of about 100 to about 1000 Pascals, preferably about 200 to about 900 Pa, most preferably about 400 to about 800 Pa (measured with a rheometer at frequency 1 Hz, oscillatory stress range 0.01-1.0 Pa, temperature 5° C., Gap 1000 &mgr;m). The present invention is also directed to an improved shaving method in which a shaving composition of the present invention is applied to an area of skin, then said area is shaved, preferably with a wet razor.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus and method for determining the pass through flux of magnetic materials. The apparatus comprises one or more magnetic field sensors arranged in such a way as to collect field strength data in any or all the x, y, z directions. The apparatus also comprises a magnet field source or arrangement of magnet field sources which are placed beneath the material being characterized and includes a mechanism whereby the magnetic material can be mapped by the movement of any one or combination of: magnetic field source or sources, sensors and magnetic material. The invented method comprises the use of various configurations of magnetic sources in order to generate a magnetic field that emulates the open-loop condition found in magnetron sputtering.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for producing high purity titanium and high purity titanium so produced. The process contemplates producing titanium sponge in a container and performing titanium fused salt electrolysis in situ in the same container to produce high purity titanium crystal, and where especially low oxygen content is desired, to treat the high purity titanium crystal as produced with iodine.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus and method for determining the pass through flux of magnetic materials. The apparatus comprises one or more magnetic field sensors arranged in such a way as to collect field strength data in any or all the x, y, z directions. The apparatus also comprises a magnet field source or arrangement of magnet field sources which are placed beneath the material being characterized and includes a mechanism whereby the magnetic material can be mapped by the movement of any one or combination of: magnetic field source or sources, sensors and magnetic material. The invented method comprises the use of various configurations of magnetic sources in order to generate a magnetic field that emulates the open-loop condition found in magnetron sputtering.

Abstract: This invention includes a method and an apparatus for producing high purity titanium and high purity titanium so produced. The high purity titanium comprises titanium and less than 0.1 ppm, by weight, total of sodium, potassium, aluminum, iron, chromium, zirconium, vanadium and nickel.