Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods that involve degrading materials that include lignin. In one aspect, the method generally includes contacting a lignin sample with a lignin depolymerase and contacting the lignin sample with an auxiliary compound. In another aspect, the method generally includes contacting an auxiliary compound with a sample that includes uncleaved lignin macromolecules and at least partially cleaved lignin components in intermolecular association with other lignin components and/or at least a portion of the uncleaved lignin macromolecules. In both aspects, the auxiliary compound dissociates at least partially cleaved lignin components from one another and/or the uncleaved lignin macromolecules.

Abstract: A database server communicates with a plurality of client devices. Each of the client devices is used to create a program package to cooperatively develop a software project. An integrating package is created in a storage of the database server. When two or more client devices simultaneously access the integrating package, a storage region is created for each of the two or more client devices in a storage space of the integrating package. When the two or more client devices write the program package to the integrating package, the program package of each of the two or more client devices is automatically written into a corresponding storage region.

Abstract: A method manages a web system having a plurality of sub-systems using a computing device. A web project is created for the web system and is stored in a storage of the computing device. Each of the sub-systems has a directory created under the web project. Programs of each sub-system are compiled to generate a dynamic link library (DLL) document of each sub-system. The DLL document of each sub-system is written into a corresponding directory under the web project.

Abstract: A method for managing display of a widget, the widget is displayed in a form of a predetermined textbox on a user interface before the widget has got focus. When the widget has got focus, corresponding functions of the widget are executed, and preset original data of the widget is displayed through the widget. When the widget has lost focus, the display of the widget is reverted to the predetermined textbox, and inputted or selected information by the user through the widget is displayed in the predetermined textbox.

Abstract: An HTML document updating method implement for an HTML document updating device is provided. The device includes a storage system to store at least one HTML document of a given webpage. The method includes: first saving an input given website address as a URL of a webpage. Then, obtaining a HTML document of the given webpage at every time interval. Next, analyzing the currently obtained HTML document and a saved HTML document, obtaining HTML elements of the currently obtained HTML document and the HTML elements of the saved HTML document, and updating the HTML element of the saved HTML document of the given webpage with the corresponding HTML element of the currently obtained HTML document of the given webpage when the HTML element of the saved HTML document of the given webpage does not match the corresponding HTML element of the currently obtained HTML document of the given webpage.

Abstract: A vapor compression distillation system is disclosed. A pulsed power scale prevention module is provided in a recirculation loop of an evaporation loop and in each of a plurality of pre-evaporation heat exchange loops to nucleate contaminant particles in the liquid. The nucleated contaminant particles are removed from the system by filters in communication with the pulsed power scale prevention modules and by solids collection and discharge ports provided by heat exchangers in the evaporation loop and each of the pre-evaporation heat exchange loops. The evaporation loop and the pre-evaporation heat exchange loops provide a temperature gradient having discreet temperature zones.

Abstract: Described herein are boronic acid fluorescent compounds and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: A silicon accelerometer comprising a substrate, one or more pairs of beams, a pedestal, a mass on top of the pedestal and a cavity beneath the pedestal all of which is formed by a single-sided processing method. The pedestal is suspended over the cavity by the beams which provides the only support for the pedestal. The beams are supported by the substrate. The main steps of fabricating this structure comprise diffusion or ion implantation and epitaxial growth to form a buried high donor concentration layer on the surface of the substrate, chemical vapor deposition and photoetching to expose a portion of the edge of the buried layer to the ambiente, anodization to convert the high donor concentration layer into porous silicon and selectively etching to remove the porous silicon.

Abstract: A silicon diaphragm piezoresistive pressure sensor having a diaphragm formed by a single-sided fabrication method. The pressure sensor is made up of a substrate on which there is a diaphragm at or near the surface of the substrate with a chamber under the diaphragm. The pressure sensor is fabricated by undercutting a silicon substrate to form a diaphragm and a cavity within the bulk of the substrate under the diaphragm. The fabricating steps including a) forming a buried low resistive layer under a predetermined diaphragm region; b) converting the low resistance layer into porous silicon by anodization of silicon in a concentrated hydrofluoric acid solution; c) removing the porous silicon by selective etching; d) filling the openings formed in the etching of porous silicon with a deposited material to form a sealed reference chamber. Adding appropriate means to the exterior of the diaphragm and substrate to detect changes in pressure between the reference chamber and the surface of the substrate.