Abstract: A transistor device includes a channel region, a first source/drain region adjacent to a first end of the channel region and a second source/drain region adjacent to a second end of the channel region, a gate structure disposed on the channel region, the first source/drain region and the second source/drain region, and an interlayer dielectric (ILD) structure disposed on the gate structure. The ILD structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first set of sublayers. The first set of sublayers includes a first sublayer including a first dielectric material having a first hydrogen concentration and a second sublayer including the first dielectric material having a second hydrogen concentration lower than the first hydrogen concentration. The ILD structure further includes a second dielectric layer including a second set of sublayers. The second set of sublayers includes a third sublayer including a second dielectric material different from the first dielectric material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a stem cell-conditioned medium and an exosome isolated therefrom as an active ingredient for prevention or treatment of an ocular disease. Containing exosomes, growth factors and neurotrophic factors at high levels and functioning to: promote retinal cell proliferation and wound recovery; protect retinal cells against oxidative stress or hypoxia; lower the increased intraocular pressure and restore the atrophy of the retinal layer and the retinal ganglion cell layer to normal levels in the glaucoma animal model; and have a protective effect on retinal ganglion cells and nerve cells, the stem cell-conditioned medium according to the present disclosure can find advantageous applications in the therapy of an ocular disease.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a stem cell-conditioned medium and an exosome isolated therefrom as an active ingredient for prevention or treatment of an ocular disease. Containing exosomes, growth factors and neurotrophic factors at high levels and functioning to: promote retinal cell proliferation and wound recovery; protect retinal cells against oxidative stress or hypoxia; lower the increased intraocular pressure and restore the atrophy of the retinal layer and the retinal ganglion cell layer to normal levels in the glaucoma animal model; and have a protective effect on retinal ganglion cells and nerve cells, the stem cell-conditioned medium according to the present disclosure can find advantageous applications in the therapy of an ocular disease.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition containing a neprilysin-overexpressing stem cell, a conditioned medium thereof, and an exosome isolated therefrom as an active ingredient for prevention or treatment of cognitive impairment. Having the functions of protecting nerve cells, inhibiting the accumulation of amyloid beta, known as a cause of cognitive impairment-related disease in animal models, increasing an expression level of acetyl choline, and improving cognitive functions in animal models, the neprilysin-overexpressing stem cells, the conditioned medium thereof, or the exosomes isolated therefrom according to the present disclosure can find advantageous applications in treating cognitive impairment.

Abstract: Provided is a functional cosmetic composition of white rose extract and a gartanin derivative compound isolated therefrom, and specifically, to a cosmetic composition for skin whitening and skin wrinkle alleviation containing, as active ingredients, white rose petal extract and gartanin derivative compounds isolated therefrom. The white rose extract and gartanin derivative compound, according to the present invention, are safe without causing side effects on the skin, prevent melanin production through a mechanism inhibiting tyrosinase activity, thereby having a whitening effect, and exhibit a wrinkle alleviation effect by a mechanism inhibiting MMP-1 activity, and thus the composition, of the present invention, containing the same as active ingredients, can be utilized as a material for functional cosmetics for skin whitening and wrinkle alleviation without causing skin irritation.

Abstract: Provided is a functional cosmetic composition of white rose extract and a gartanin derivative compound isolated therefrom, and specifically, to a cosmetic composition for skin whitening and skin wrinkle alleviation containing, as active ingredients, white rose petal extract and gartanin derivative compounds isolated therefrom. The white rose extract and gartanin derivative compound, according to the present invention, are safe without causing side effects on the skin, prevent melanin production through a mechanism inhibiting tyrosinase activity, thereby having a whitening effect, and exhibit a wrinkle alleviation effect by a mechanism inhibiting MMP-1 activity, and thus the composition, of the present invention, containing the same as active ingredients, can be utilized as a material for functional cosmetics for skin whitening and wrinkle alleviation without causing skin irritation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for measuring a broadband Passive Intermodulation Distortion (PIMD) signal. The apparatus for measuring a broadband PIMD signal includes a Radio Frequency (RF) processing unit for combining one or more transmission signals into a single output signal and transmitting the output signal to a feeder so as to measure a PIMD signal and for generating a beat frequency signal using the PIMD signal received from the feeder, and a digital processing unit for transferring a control signal required so as to control the RF processing unit, receiving the beat frequency signal, and then measuring a location of a passive element in the feeder in which the PIMD signal has been generated by performing digital signal processing on the beat frequency signal.

Abstract: Provided is a functional cosmetic composition of white rose extract and a gartanin derivative compound isolated therefrom, and specifically, to a cosmetic composition for skin whitening and skin wrinkle alleviation containing, as active ingredients, white rose petal extract and gartanin derivative compounds isolated therefrom. The white rose extract and gartanin derivative compound, according to the present invention, are safe without causing side effects on the skin, prevent melanin production through a mechanism inhibiting tyrosinase activity, thereby having a whitening effect, and exhibit a wrinkle alleviation effect by a mechanism inhibiting MMP-1 activity, and thus the composition, of the present invention, containing the same as active ingredients, can be utilized as a material for functional cosmetics for skin whitening and wrinkle alleviation without causing skin irritation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to human neural stem cells (NSCs) transfected with a vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding human choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and thereby stably expressing the human ChAT, a composition for treating Alzheimer disease or for improving a cognitive disorder comprising the human NSCs expressing a human ChAT. The present human NSCs genetically modified to express human ChAT, when transplanted into the brain of the animal AD model, successfully integrated into the host tissues and differentiated into the normal neuronal cells or glial cells. The instant genetically modified human NSCs stably express ChAT in the brain tissue of AD animal and thereby restore the acetylcholine level, and learning and memory function comparable to normal animal. The present genetically modified human NSCs expressing ChAT can be used for the treatment of AD as well as cognitive disorders due to other brain diseases and aging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to human neural stem cells (NSCs) transfected with a vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding human choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and thereby stably expressing the human ChAT, a composition for treating Alzheimer disease or for improving a cognitive disorder comprising the human NSCs expressing a human ChAT. The present human NSCs genetically modified to express human ChAT, when transplanted into the brain of the animal AD model, successfully integrated into the host tissues and differentiated into the normal neuronal cells or glial cells. The instant genetically modified human NSCs stably express ChAT in the brain tissue of AD animal and thereby restore the acetylcholine level, and learning and memory function comparable to normal animal. The present genetically modified human NSCs expressing ChAT can be used for the treatment of AD as well as cognitive disorders due to other brain diseases and aging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting neuronal injury in a mammalian subject. The biomarker of this invention specifically increases in serum of the mammalian that has neuronal injuries. In addition, the biomarker of this invention permits to identify and predict neuronal injuries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extract of Petasites japonicus having antioxidant activity, and more particularly, to an extract of Petasites japonicus having antioxidant activity which is extracted using an alcohol and an antioxidant for the prevention and treatment of a brain disease comprising the extract as an effective ingredient. The Petasites japonicus extract according to the present invention has excellent antioxidant activity, relief of neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effect and thus, can be usefully used in the prevention and treatment of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hypoxic-ischemic injury and chronic spinal cord injury.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extract of Petasites japonicus having antioxidant activity, and more particularly, to an extract of Petasites japonicus having antioxidant activity which is extracted using an alcohol and an antioxidant for the prevention and treatment of a brain disease comprising the extract as an effective ingredient. The Petasites japonicus extract according to the present relief of neurotoxicity and neuroprotective prevention and treatment of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hypoxic-ischemic injury and chronic spinal cord injury.